3 00:00:42,752 --> 00:00:44,336 Ella, I know you wanna say it. 4 00:00:44,462 --> 00:00:45,671 Go ahead. 5 00:00:45,796 --> 00:00:47,173 I'm not gonna say it. 6 00:00:47,298 --> 00:00:48,090 But you wanna? 7 00:00:48,215 --> 00:00:49,091 Yeah, I do. 8 00:00:49,216 --> 00:00:50,509 I know. Go ahead. 9 00:00:50,634 --> 00:00:51,969 I told you so. 10 00:00:52,094 --> 00:00:53,846 See? Always with the "I told you so." 11 00:00:53,971 --> 00:00:56,348 'Cause I told you so! 12 00:00:56,474 --> 00:00:58,267 You's right this time. 13 00:00:58,392 --> 00:00:59,685 Uh, what you mean, "this time"? 14 00:00:59,810 --> 00:01:01,520 I'm always right. 15 00:01:01,645 --> 00:01:03,481 Aight, aight, I got you. Calm down, calm down. 16 00:01:03,606 --> 00:01:05,274 Aight, so get your little candy or whatever. 17 00:01:05,399 --> 00:01:07,109 - And call me back. - Aight. 18 00:01:11,655 --> 00:01:12,490 Hey. 19 00:01:17,495 --> 00:01:19,121 3.50. 20 00:01:45,856 --> 00:01:47,399 Like, I don't know, some... 21 00:01:47,525 --> 00:01:49,235 Oh, oh, oh... You know, like, breakfast. 22 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:51,028 - Okay, breakfast. - I like me some eggs... 23 00:01:51,153 --> 00:01:53,197 You like grits, berries. I got you. 24 00:01:53,322 --> 00:01:55,658 You got me? I don't know if I want... You like berries? 25 00:01:55,783 --> 00:01:57,243 What, you be eating berries with pancakes? 26 00:01:57,368 --> 00:01:58,619 Yeah, I eat berries with pancakes. 27 00:01:58,744 --> 00:02:00,454 Like blueberry pancakes. They're so bomb. 28 00:02:00,579 --> 00:02:02,248 See, okay, okay. We've gotta have fun. 29 00:02:02,373 --> 00:02:04,041 We gotta do our own thing. I feel like... 30 00:02:04,166 --> 00:02:06,252 We gotta do our own thing. It's gonna be amazing. 31 00:02:06,377 --> 00:02:07,419 I'm really excited... 32 00:02:15,803 --> 00:02:17,388 - Tray? - Hey, I think... 33 00:02:17,513 --> 00:02:19,807 I think this car's following me. 34 00:02:19,932 --> 00:02:22,226 What? For real? 35 00:02:22,351 --> 00:02:24,270 It keeps looping around the block. 36 00:02:24,395 --> 00:02:28,399 Dang. Try goin' another way. 37 00:02:28,524 --> 00:02:29,900 Call me when you get home, okay? 38 00:02:30,025 --> 00:02:30,985 All right. 39 00:03:00,514 --> 00:03:01,640 Mama? 40 00:03:10,858 --> 00:03:12,067 Mama? 41 00:03:16,447 --> 00:03:17,907 Afternoon. 42 00:03:21,619 --> 00:03:28,000 Afternoon. Are you sleeping or kinda? 43 00:03:28,125 --> 00:03:29,251 Kinda. 44 00:03:32,463 --> 00:03:34,048 Hey, Sleeping Beauty. 45 00:03:37,009 --> 00:03:39,803 - Hello. - Hey. Hi. Hi. 46 00:03:43,265 --> 00:03:46,226 Want to sit up? Sit up. 47 00:03:46,352 --> 00:03:48,729 There you go. All right. 48 00:03:48,854 --> 00:03:50,314 Come on, one more time. 49 00:03:50,439 --> 00:03:52,691 - That's good. That's good. - Okay. 50 00:03:52,816 --> 00:03:56,111 - Okay. - How's that? 51 00:03:56,236 --> 00:03:57,947 Yeah. There we go. 52 00:03:58,072 --> 00:03:59,698 Sweetie with you? 53 00:03:59,823 --> 00:04:02,952 He's bringing the trash around back. 54 00:04:03,077 --> 00:04:05,663 Ah, yeah, garbage day. 55 00:04:05,788 --> 00:04:09,083 Everything in its right place. 56 00:04:09,208 --> 00:04:11,794 Of course you know how to do it, 57 00:04:11,919 --> 00:04:14,254 but you don't have to do it, not while I'm here. 58 00:04:14,380 --> 00:04:17,216 Don't take my job from me, please. 59 00:04:17,341 --> 00:04:19,551 There's only so much joy left for me in this world, 60 00:04:19,677 --> 00:04:22,554 you gotta let me have it now. 61 00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:24,014 Okay. 62 00:04:27,476 --> 00:04:28,519 You ready? 63 00:04:35,943 --> 00:04:36,986 Come here. 64 00:04:44,618 --> 00:04:45,869 Okay. 65 00:04:45,995 --> 00:04:48,998 Go slow, okay? Come on. 66 00:04:49,123 --> 00:04:52,126 I got you. Okay. 67 00:04:52,251 --> 00:04:54,878 Could you tell me how many apartments there are in... 68 00:04:55,004 --> 00:04:57,131 We have 200 units. 69 00:04:57,256 --> 00:04:58,966 - 200, okay. - 200 units. 70 00:04:59,091 --> 00:04:59,925 And everything... 71 00:05:00,050 --> 00:05:01,510 Kitchen, full kitchen... 72 00:05:01,635 --> 00:05:03,637 Full kitchen and... Yeah, that's... 73 00:05:03,762 --> 00:05:05,180 Well, everyone looks really nice. 74 00:05:05,305 --> 00:05:09,101 - Yes. It's a great group. - You know, Mr. Mayhew, 75 00:05:09,226 --> 00:05:11,645 my husband was a Tuskegee Airman. 76 00:05:11,770 --> 00:05:14,398 Fought for America in World War II. 77 00:05:14,523 --> 00:05:16,066 Oh. 78 00:05:16,191 --> 00:05:19,570 Oh, this is a gym here, yeah? 79 00:05:19,695 --> 00:05:22,114 Beautiful, open 24 hours. 80 00:05:37,421 --> 00:05:39,173 Oh, thank you. 81 00:05:42,176 --> 00:05:43,260 Thank you. 82 00:05:54,188 --> 00:05:57,024 So, um, you've got a really nice kitchen. 83 00:06:02,654 --> 00:06:05,783 Hey. 84 00:06:05,908 --> 00:06:10,996 - At least there's good light. - Mmm. Yeah. 85 00:06:17,377 --> 00:06:19,630 Look at that cloud. 86 00:06:19,755 --> 00:06:24,676 I see a swimming pool with boys jumping in. 87 00:06:24,802 --> 00:06:27,888 - Where? - There. Look. 88 00:06:28,013 --> 00:06:29,223 There's the arms. 89 00:06:29,348 --> 00:06:33,352 Oh, yeah, I see it. I see it. I see it. 90 00:06:33,477 --> 00:06:37,606 They're a Little League team, just won the big game, 91 00:06:37,731 --> 00:06:40,651 celebrating and having a ball. 92 00:06:40,776 --> 00:06:42,027 See the splashes? 93 00:06:44,071 --> 00:06:45,322 Mama. 94 00:06:45,447 --> 00:06:47,866 Little League team. Splashes. 95 00:06:49,993 --> 00:06:51,286 It's true. 96 00:06:54,790 --> 00:06:57,709 You and your imagination. 97 00:07:06,218 --> 00:07:09,304 You gonna be all right? 98 00:07:11,390 --> 00:07:13,767 Yes. 99 00:07:13,892 --> 00:07:15,853 I'm gonna be all right, honey. 100 00:07:19,189 --> 00:07:21,400 I'm going to be all right. 101 00:07:21,525 --> 00:07:22,734 Okay. 102 00:07:29,575 --> 00:07:32,411 If anybody can maneuver, it's your ma. 103 00:07:32,536 --> 00:07:35,289 Okay? What's she say all the time? 104 00:07:35,414 --> 00:07:38,125 "My husband was a Tuskegee Airman." 105 00:07:39,835 --> 00:07:41,795 Listen, I know keeping elders at home 106 00:07:41,920 --> 00:07:43,797 is supposed to be a noble thing and all, 107 00:07:43,922 --> 00:07:45,757 but there's something to be said 108 00:07:45,883 --> 00:07:48,302 for keeping her as independent as she can be. 109 00:07:48,427 --> 00:07:51,930 - Where'd you find them? - Next to the lamp. 110 00:07:52,055 --> 00:07:54,183 Under a scarf with the ringer off. 111 00:07:54,308 --> 00:07:56,018 Ugh... 112 00:07:56,143 --> 00:07:58,770 You've got to use the hook. That is what it is there for. 113 00:07:58,896 --> 00:08:00,689 Is that Mr. Brett? 114 00:08:00,814 --> 00:08:03,275 - Oh! - Ready to go out? 115 00:08:03,400 --> 00:08:05,485 Is this Marion? How's Teddy? 116 00:08:05,611 --> 00:08:07,988 You know, working my nerves, but what else is new? 117 00:08:10,574 --> 00:08:13,827 - You need some paper towels? - Yeah. 118 00:08:13,952 --> 00:08:15,871 Let's not miss this flight, okay? 119 00:08:19,249 --> 00:08:21,835 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 120 00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:22,920 Okay. 121 00:08:28,217 --> 00:08:29,927 You got your boarding pass? 122 00:08:34,223 --> 00:08:36,225 - I knew you had that. - Yeah, you knew it, huh? 123 00:08:36,350 --> 00:08:37,601 - You got it. - Bye. 124 00:08:37,726 --> 00:08:38,727 Bye, baby. 125 00:09:04,253 --> 00:09:07,130 The shipyard owners of Blohm & Voss 126 00:09:07,256 --> 00:09:10,092 gather for a ceremony celebrating the company's 127 00:09:10,217 --> 00:09:14,221 new 295-foot vessel. 128 00:09:17,516 --> 00:09:19,309 Adopted by the Nazis, 129 00:09:19,434 --> 00:09:22,688 a "heil" salute was mandatory for German citizens. 130 00:09:24,648 --> 00:09:26,650 But if you look closely, 131 00:09:26,775 --> 00:09:31,613 you'll find someone who defied this. 132 00:09:31,738 --> 00:09:35,909 His name is believed to be August Landmesser. 133 00:09:36,034 --> 00:09:40,205 He had joined the Nazi Party two years before this day, 134 00:09:40,330 --> 00:09:42,249 but in that time, 135 00:09:42,374 --> 00:09:45,002 August met and fell in love with a woman 136 00:09:45,127 --> 00:09:48,964 unlike any he'd ever met. 137 00:09:49,089 --> 00:09:54,177 Unlike any he was supposed to have met. 138 00:09:54,303 --> 00:09:56,680 Irma Eckler. 139 00:09:56,805 --> 00:09:58,181 A Jewish woman. 140 00:10:03,145 --> 00:10:05,731 An unexpected treat. You're early. 141 00:10:05,856 --> 00:10:07,607 I'm a surprise. 142 00:10:07,733 --> 00:10:09,568 That you are. 143 00:10:09,693 --> 00:10:10,944 A handsome one. 144 00:10:14,740 --> 00:10:17,576 Although a member of the dominant class, 145 00:10:17,701 --> 00:10:23,832 August saw in Irma what others like him chose not to see. 146 00:10:26,376 --> 00:10:30,213 Her humanity, her beauty, 147 00:10:30,339 --> 00:10:31,631 her love. 148 00:10:35,719 --> 00:10:38,263 On this day, 149 00:10:38,388 --> 00:10:41,224 he folded his arms 150 00:10:41,350 --> 00:10:48,648 rather than salute a regime that deemed that love illegal. 151 00:10:48,774 --> 00:10:52,069 On this day, he was brave. 152 00:10:55,030 --> 00:10:59,076 He couldn't have been the only one who felt something tragic 153 00:10:59,201 --> 00:11:01,578 was happening. 154 00:11:01,703 --> 00:11:05,332 So why was he the only one among the men 155 00:11:05,457 --> 00:11:08,502 to not go along that day? 156 00:11:08,627 --> 00:11:11,713 Perhaps we can reflect on what it would mean 157 00:11:11,838 --> 00:11:14,424 to be him today. 158 00:11:18,136 --> 00:11:21,723 I'll leave you with that. 159 00:11:21,848 --> 00:11:23,058 Thank you. 160 00:11:32,150 --> 00:11:33,193 - Good luck. - Thank you. 161 00:11:33,318 --> 00:11:36,321 Bye. 162 00:11:36,446 --> 00:11:37,906 Let me get this. 163 00:11:41,284 --> 00:11:42,411 - Thank you. - Thank you. 164 00:11:42,536 --> 00:11:44,496 - Water? - I'm fine. Thank you so much. 165 00:11:47,374 --> 00:11:49,793 Thank you. 166 00:11:49,918 --> 00:11:52,087 Isabel, Isabel. Hey! 167 00:11:52,212 --> 00:11:53,880 Amari! 168 00:11:54,005 --> 00:11:55,799 I didn't know you were speaking. 169 00:11:55,924 --> 00:11:57,426 No, no, no, one of my reporters is. 170 00:11:57,551 --> 00:11:59,219 Hey, can you guys give me a minute? Okay. 171 00:11:59,344 --> 00:12:01,680 - You were solid. - Uh... 172 00:12:01,805 --> 00:12:03,140 - Nice work. - I am a better writer 173 00:12:03,265 --> 00:12:04,558 than I am a speaker. 174 00:12:04,683 --> 00:12:05,934 Yeah, well, you're a better writer 175 00:12:06,059 --> 00:12:07,644 than most people do anything. 176 00:12:07,769 --> 00:12:11,148 So, listen, I was gonna reach out to you on something. 177 00:12:11,273 --> 00:12:14,901 So I'm gonna take seeing you as a sign. 178 00:12:15,026 --> 00:12:18,238 This... This Trayvon Martin case. 179 00:12:19,656 --> 00:12:21,491 - I know. - Have you heard the tapes? 180 00:12:21,616 --> 00:12:23,118 No. Of what? 181 00:12:25,412 --> 00:12:27,164 Not the murder? 182 00:12:27,289 --> 00:12:29,332 911 calls. This killer called 911 183 00:12:29,458 --> 00:12:31,001 before he did it. 184 00:12:31,126 --> 00:12:33,545 And tapes of people that heard the boy screaming out 185 00:12:33,670 --> 00:12:34,880 and called the police. 186 00:12:37,549 --> 00:12:39,676 - Is this public? - No. 187 00:12:39,801 --> 00:12:40,969 But it's being released. 188 00:12:41,094 --> 00:12:43,221 Slowly. 189 00:12:43,346 --> 00:12:45,807 But we got him. 190 00:12:45,932 --> 00:12:47,350 Are you interested in listening, 191 00:12:47,476 --> 00:12:49,561 to consider writing something for us? 192 00:12:54,107 --> 00:12:57,527 Amari, you have a stable of writers. 193 00:12:57,652 --> 00:12:59,988 They don't have Pulitzer Prizes. 194 00:13:00,113 --> 00:13:01,907 Some of them do, actually. 195 00:13:02,032 --> 00:13:04,701 Yeah, well, then they're not as brilliant as you 196 00:13:04,826 --> 00:13:07,621 on things like this. 197 00:13:07,746 --> 00:13:10,665 - You know what I do. - Yeah, and I know what you used to do. 198 00:13:10,790 --> 00:13:12,709 Some of the best reporting I've ever edited. 199 00:13:12,834 --> 00:13:14,252 I write books now. 200 00:13:14,377 --> 00:13:17,464 So, that one book you wrote took way too damn long. 201 00:13:17,589 --> 00:13:21,343 It was a masterpiece and whatnot, but... 202 00:13:21,468 --> 00:13:26,306 it took too long, Isabel, if you ask me. Writers write. 203 00:13:26,431 --> 00:13:27,807 So write. 204 00:13:32,812 --> 00:13:36,942 I don't do assignments anymore. I... 205 00:13:37,067 --> 00:13:40,278 I wanna be in the story. 206 00:13:40,403 --> 00:13:45,700 Really inside the story. 207 00:13:45,825 --> 00:13:48,453 And, yes, that takes time. 208 00:13:48,578 --> 00:13:51,081 Okay. 209 00:13:51,206 --> 00:13:52,916 Maybe after you hear the tapes. 210 00:13:53,041 --> 00:13:54,709 I'm gonna send them to you. 211 00:13:54,834 --> 00:13:56,962 - Okay. - Okay. No pressure. 212 00:15:16,666 --> 00:15:20,462 Sanford Police Department. Is there a report of the shots? 213 00:15:20,587 --> 00:15:22,797 Hey, we've had some break-ins in my neighbourhood. 214 00:15:22,922 --> 00:15:27,802 And there's a real suspicious guy, uh... 215 00:15:27,927 --> 00:15:30,472 This guy looks like he is up to no good, 216 00:15:30,597 --> 00:15:32,432 or he's on drugs or something. 217 00:15:32,557 --> 00:15:34,017 Okay, he's just walking around the area... 218 00:15:34,142 --> 00:15:35,477 Looking at all the houses. 219 00:15:35,602 --> 00:15:38,063 It's raining and he's just walking around, 220 00:15:38,188 --> 00:15:40,065 - looking about. - Okay. 221 00:15:42,609 --> 00:15:44,194 And he's a Black male. 222 00:15:49,532 --> 00:15:51,451 Now he's just staring at me. 223 00:15:53,870 --> 00:15:55,580 Did you see what he was wearing? 224 00:15:55,705 --> 00:15:58,625 Yeah, a dark hoodie, like, a gray hoodie, 225 00:15:58,750 --> 00:16:02,587 and either jeans or sweatpants, and white tennis shoes. 226 00:16:09,427 --> 00:16:11,471 - Shit, he's running. - He's running? 227 00:16:11,596 --> 00:16:13,640 Which way is he running? 228 00:16:13,765 --> 00:16:17,727 Down towards the other entrance to the neighbourhood. 229 00:16:17,852 --> 00:16:22,065 These assholes, they always get away. 230 00:16:22,190 --> 00:16:24,234 Are you following him? 231 00:16:24,359 --> 00:16:27,028 - Yeah. - Okay, we don't need you to do that. 232 00:16:27,153 --> 00:16:28,238 Okay? 233 00:16:33,284 --> 00:16:35,412 All right, sir, what is your name? 234 00:16:35,537 --> 00:16:36,788 George. 235 00:16:36,913 --> 00:16:40,041 He ran. 236 00:16:40,166 --> 00:16:42,544 All right, George, what's your last name? 237 00:16:42,669 --> 00:16:45,422 Zimmerman. 238 00:16:45,547 --> 00:16:47,549 911. Do you need police, fire or medical? 239 00:16:47,674 --> 00:16:51,344 Maybe both, I'm not sure. There's just someone screaming outside. 240 00:16:53,221 --> 00:16:54,889 Okay, what's the address that they're near? 241 00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:56,474 1211 Twin Trees Lane. 242 00:16:56,599 --> 00:16:58,893 And is it a male or female? 243 00:16:59,018 --> 00:17:01,938 - It sounds like a male. - And you don't know why? 244 00:17:02,063 --> 00:17:04,149 I don't know why. I think they're yelling "help," 245 00:17:04,274 --> 00:17:05,984 but I don't know. 246 00:17:09,112 --> 00:17:10,864 So you think he's yelling "help"? 247 00:17:10,989 --> 00:17:12,282 Yes. 248 00:17:12,407 --> 00:17:14,451 I can't see him. I don't want to go out there, 249 00:17:14,576 --> 00:17:16,578 I don't know what's going on, so... 250 00:17:18,538 --> 00:17:21,124 Just... gunshots. 251 00:17:21,249 --> 00:17:23,626 - You just heard gunshots? - Yes. 252 00:17:23,752 --> 00:17:26,087 - How many? - Just one. 253 00:17:30,592 --> 00:17:33,386 Is he right outside 1211 Twin Trees Lane? 254 00:17:33,511 --> 00:17:35,805 Yeah, pretty much. Out the back, yes. 255 00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:21,976 - Good to see you. - Thank you. You too. 256 00:18:22,101 --> 00:18:24,312 Hi. 257 00:18:24,437 --> 00:18:25,396 - Hey. - Hi! 258 00:18:25,522 --> 00:18:27,106 Looking gorgeous. 259 00:18:27,232 --> 00:18:29,192 - Oh, Brett. How are you? - Hi. Yeah. How are you? 260 00:18:29,317 --> 00:18:31,277 - You well? Great to see you. - Okay, and you. 261 00:18:31,402 --> 00:18:32,904 He's wearing that tux very well. 262 00:18:33,029 --> 00:18:34,322 - Very well. 263 00:18:34,447 --> 00:18:35,949 - He can hear you. - Well, he can. 264 00:18:36,074 --> 00:18:37,909 But he's grateful, thank you. 265 00:18:38,034 --> 00:18:39,410 - Hi. - Hello. 266 00:18:39,536 --> 00:18:43,331 Amari Selvan asked me twice if you were coming. 267 00:18:43,456 --> 00:18:45,333 He wants something for the paper. 268 00:18:45,458 --> 00:18:47,460 He's made that very clear. 269 00:18:47,585 --> 00:18:50,171 You interested? We can time it with the audiobook. 270 00:18:57,387 --> 00:18:58,555 Did you listen? 271 00:19:01,516 --> 00:19:05,228 Yeah. Yeah. 272 00:19:05,353 --> 00:19:06,396 It's a lot. 273 00:19:06,521 --> 00:19:08,106 - Yeah. - It's a lot. 274 00:19:08,231 --> 00:19:10,942 There's a lot there. But longer-form stuff, 275 00:19:11,067 --> 00:19:12,694 questions that I don't have the answer to. 276 00:19:12,819 --> 00:19:14,112 So ask them in a piece. 277 00:19:14,237 --> 00:19:18,992 I don't write questions. I write answers. 278 00:19:19,117 --> 00:19:21,035 Questions like what? 279 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:24,372 Like why does a Latino man deputize himself 280 00:19:24,497 --> 00:19:28,960 to stalk a Black boy to protect an all-white community? 281 00:19:29,085 --> 00:19:31,087 - What is that? - The racist bias I want you to explore, 282 00:19:31,212 --> 00:19:32,964 excavate for the readers. 283 00:19:33,089 --> 00:19:37,010 We call everything "racism." What does it even mean anymore? 284 00:19:37,135 --> 00:19:40,263 It's the default. When did that happen? 285 00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:41,931 - Hey, Brett. - How are you doing? 286 00:19:42,056 --> 00:19:44,434 So, what? So you're saying that he isn't a racist? 287 00:19:44,559 --> 00:19:46,352 No, I'm not saying that he's not a racist. 288 00:19:46,477 --> 00:19:50,189 I'm questioning, why is everything racist? 289 00:19:50,315 --> 00:19:52,775 - This feels like a setup. - I've been there. 290 00:19:59,324 --> 00:20:01,159 Okay. 291 00:20:01,284 --> 00:20:02,911 - Home ownership. - Okay. 292 00:20:03,036 --> 00:20:04,787 Covenants were written into land deeds 293 00:20:04,913 --> 00:20:07,373 barring Black people from having wills. 294 00:20:07,498 --> 00:20:09,542 No generational wealth allowed. 295 00:20:09,667 --> 00:20:11,669 We could not pass on what we earned 296 00:20:11,794 --> 00:20:14,422 to our kids for almost 500 years. 297 00:20:14,547 --> 00:20:16,341 Every time, we'd have to start from zero. 298 00:20:16,466 --> 00:20:20,845 So, if we are not allowed to pass on the fruits 299 00:20:20,970 --> 00:20:23,056 of our labour to our family, 300 00:20:23,181 --> 00:20:27,143 is that the same racism that took Trayvon's life? 301 00:20:27,268 --> 00:20:30,438 Systemic racism. Yes, same. 302 00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,523 Are you sure? 303 00:20:32,649 --> 00:20:34,484 Are you sure? 304 00:20:34,609 --> 00:20:36,277 What does it mean? 305 00:20:36,402 --> 00:20:38,196 Murders of Black people by the police, 306 00:20:38,321 --> 00:20:40,114 we call that racism. 307 00:20:40,239 --> 00:20:42,200 - Everything's the same. - I get it. 308 00:20:42,325 --> 00:20:43,660 Being followed in a department store 309 00:20:43,785 --> 00:20:45,578 and being lynched shouldn't be called the same thing, 310 00:20:45,703 --> 00:20:49,958 - I get that. - Racism as the primary language 311 00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:53,711 to understand everything 312 00:20:53,836 --> 00:20:55,213 is insufficient. 313 00:20:55,338 --> 00:20:56,881 - See, this is good. - That's all. 314 00:20:57,006 --> 00:20:58,800 This is good. 315 00:20:58,925 --> 00:21:01,469 Look, I need a piece delving into what the Martin case means. 316 00:21:01,594 --> 00:21:03,721 Set the context with these questions, 317 00:21:03,846 --> 00:21:05,306 it's what you do best. 318 00:21:05,431 --> 00:21:07,934 Make the hard stuff digestible. And this is a hard one. 319 00:21:08,059 --> 00:21:10,520 "What does it all mean?" 320 00:21:10,645 --> 00:21:13,189 These questions are the piece. 321 00:21:13,314 --> 00:21:15,608 Hey, I'll make it splashy, prime placement, Sunday. 322 00:21:15,733 --> 00:21:17,110 - Maybe even the cover. - You're terrible. 323 00:21:17,235 --> 00:21:18,277 You're terrible, Amari. 324 00:21:18,403 --> 00:21:20,488 I'm just saying. Your face on the cover? 325 00:21:25,159 --> 00:21:27,453 There's a lot there. There's a lot there. 326 00:21:27,578 --> 00:21:29,163 But I am on hiatus. 327 00:21:29,288 --> 00:21:31,708 - Isabel, come on. Come on. - I am. I am. 328 00:21:31,833 --> 00:21:34,293 I... I have family responsibilities. 329 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:39,716 Well... 330 00:21:39,841 --> 00:21:42,885 Well, good for you for taking time. 331 00:21:43,011 --> 00:21:44,595 - We'll talk again. - All right. 332 00:21:44,721 --> 00:21:46,639 Hey, you two take care, all right? 333 00:21:46,764 --> 00:21:50,435 Good to see you. All right. 334 00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:52,228 - I don't like this. - Okay. 335 00:21:52,353 --> 00:21:53,855 Okay. Okay. 336 00:21:57,108 --> 00:21:58,359 - I don't... - She's wrong. 337 00:21:58,484 --> 00:22:00,111 She just said the only movie she knows. 338 00:22:01,404 --> 00:22:04,866 Oh, she deserves to lose that money. 339 00:22:04,991 --> 00:22:07,827 ...speak to an issue that obviously has gotten a lot of attention 340 00:22:07,952 --> 00:22:09,620 over the course of the last week, 341 00:22:09,746 --> 00:22:12,331 the issue of the Trayvon Martin ruling. 342 00:22:12,457 --> 00:22:13,708 I gave a preliminary statement... 343 00:22:13,833 --> 00:22:15,460 That poor child's mother. 344 00:22:15,585 --> 00:22:17,295 ...right after the ruling on Sunday. 345 00:22:17,420 --> 00:22:21,299 I wish he'd answered the man right. 346 00:22:21,424 --> 00:22:22,800 What was that, Mama? 347 00:22:22,925 --> 00:22:25,887 I wish he had answered the man 348 00:22:26,012 --> 00:22:29,724 when he asked him why he was there in the neighbourhood. 349 00:22:29,849 --> 00:22:32,685 Maybe he'd still be with us. 350 00:22:32,810 --> 00:22:35,188 Are you saying it's the boy's fault? 351 00:22:35,313 --> 00:22:38,274 No, of course not, don't be silly. 352 00:22:38,399 --> 00:22:44,238 I'm saying you got to act in a way to keep you safe. 353 00:22:44,363 --> 00:22:47,033 He was... 354 00:22:47,158 --> 00:22:48,910 He was too young to know it. 355 00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:51,788 He shouldn't have had to answer to anyone. 356 00:22:51,913 --> 00:22:54,874 "Should have" and real life are two different things, 357 00:22:54,999 --> 00:22:57,502 darling, you know that. 358 00:22:57,627 --> 00:23:01,172 You can't be walking around at night on a white street 359 00:23:01,297 --> 00:23:03,966 and not expect trouble. 360 00:23:04,092 --> 00:23:07,220 That's intimidating to most whites. 361 00:23:07,345 --> 00:23:08,679 True or not? 362 00:23:16,562 --> 00:23:18,481 Yeah. 363 00:23:18,606 --> 00:23:22,819 Yeah. Unfortunately, I think it is true. 364 00:23:22,944 --> 00:23:24,821 But I also think that you can't live your life 365 00:23:24,946 --> 00:23:27,323 based on what's intimidating to people. 366 00:23:32,620 --> 00:23:34,497 Sure you can, sweetie. 367 00:23:44,549 --> 00:23:46,425 So you're going on hiatus, huh, 368 00:23:46,551 --> 00:23:48,928 - is what you're doing? - Huh? 369 00:23:49,053 --> 00:23:50,763 You told Amari you were going on hiatus, 370 00:23:50,888 --> 00:23:54,267 you told me that you were gonna be travelling less for work. 371 00:23:54,392 --> 00:23:56,435 So I'm just trying to figure out what exactly it is 372 00:23:56,561 --> 00:23:58,896 that you're gonna do. 'Cause... 373 00:23:59,021 --> 00:24:01,732 I said I wanted to focus on her. 374 00:24:01,858 --> 00:24:04,152 Okay. 375 00:24:04,277 --> 00:24:08,698 People are asking you to write because of your voice, 376 00:24:08,823 --> 00:24:11,200 because they... the way you think. 377 00:24:11,325 --> 00:24:13,911 - I just... I don't know what you're doing. - She... 378 00:24:14,036 --> 00:24:15,705 She doesn't belong in that place. 379 00:24:15,830 --> 00:24:17,081 Oh, right. 380 00:24:17,206 --> 00:24:19,250 She should be at home. 381 00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:22,503 She moved because she was lonely. 382 00:24:22,628 --> 00:24:25,089 I should've spent more time with her. 383 00:24:25,214 --> 00:24:27,008 Daddy would want me to fix this. 384 00:24:27,133 --> 00:24:29,093 Hmm. 385 00:24:29,218 --> 00:24:30,887 I think your father was pretty clear 386 00:24:31,012 --> 00:24:33,014 that what he wanted was for you to be happy, 387 00:24:33,139 --> 00:24:35,641 people to be happy. 388 00:24:35,766 --> 00:24:38,519 Sacrificing your work, well, that's gonna accomplish exactly 389 00:24:38,644 --> 00:24:40,855 the opposite, so... 390 00:24:40,980 --> 00:24:42,940 Your mother was very clear about what she wanted. 391 00:24:43,065 --> 00:24:44,734 It's not that, so... 392 00:25:38,537 --> 00:25:43,125 - I don't see it, Betty. - Maybe it's checked out. 393 00:25:43,251 --> 00:25:44,961 In 1933, 394 00:25:45,086 --> 00:25:50,216 two African-American anthropologists were studying in Berlin. 395 00:25:50,341 --> 00:25:52,093 There are no books here at all by him. 396 00:25:52,218 --> 00:25:55,054 At the premier library in the city. 397 00:25:55,179 --> 00:25:58,724 The country. 398 00:25:58,849 --> 00:26:01,811 Beautiful library, though. 399 00:26:01,936 --> 00:26:04,981 I could get lost in all these books forever. 400 00:26:05,106 --> 00:26:06,565 All these ideas. 401 00:26:12,822 --> 00:26:15,741 Your library card. 402 00:26:15,866 --> 00:26:19,453 Good afternoon. Of course. 403 00:26:19,578 --> 00:26:20,997 And your passports. 404 00:26:33,884 --> 00:26:39,015 Can you tell us when Erich Maria Remarque's 'All Quiet on the Western Front' is due back? 405 00:27:07,251 --> 00:27:11,547 They witnessed events that would change the world. 406 00:27:22,433 --> 00:27:23,434 Baby. 407 00:27:29,607 --> 00:27:32,610 Brett. 408 00:28:13,025 --> 00:28:17,571 By trade, Brett Hamilton was a mathematician, 409 00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:20,783 a financial analyst. 410 00:28:20,908 --> 00:28:25,287 By heart, he was a passionate champion 411 00:28:25,413 --> 00:28:28,499 for those he loved deeply. 412 00:28:28,624 --> 00:28:31,085 He played classical guitar, 413 00:28:31,210 --> 00:28:33,671 was an enthusiastic cook, 414 00:28:33,796 --> 00:28:35,798 and volunteered his time and efforts 415 00:28:35,923 --> 00:28:38,509 to those less fortunate. 416 00:28:38,634 --> 00:28:41,720 In college, he joined Phi Kappa Tau, 417 00:28:41,846 --> 00:28:43,305 Delta Chapter, 418 00:28:43,431 --> 00:28:46,809 and with his friends, enjoyed caving trips, 419 00:28:46,934 --> 00:28:49,937 watching thunderstorms, 420 00:28:50,062 --> 00:28:53,149 and debating the big stuff. 421 00:28:53,274 --> 00:28:55,901 Recently, he travelled extensively in Europe, 422 00:28:56,026 --> 00:29:00,281 accompanying his beloved in her professional activities 423 00:29:00,406 --> 00:29:01,949 in the cause of social justice. 424 00:29:02,074 --> 00:29:05,119 I'm Mrs. Copeland from across the street. 425 00:29:05,244 --> 00:29:06,662 How is Isabel? 426 00:29:06,787 --> 00:29:11,000 She's... she's resting right now. 427 00:29:12,793 --> 00:29:15,588 I can't believe it. 428 00:29:15,713 --> 00:29:19,884 Thank you so much for coming by. 429 00:29:20,009 --> 00:29:22,136 Give her my love, please. 430 00:30:16,857 --> 00:30:19,068 Isabel Wilkerson's office. 431 00:30:19,193 --> 00:30:21,695 Hello, hi. 432 00:30:21,820 --> 00:30:25,533 This is Kate. I'm Isabel's editor. 433 00:30:25,658 --> 00:30:28,118 Yeah, I know who you are. Hi, Kate. 434 00:30:28,244 --> 00:30:30,120 This is her cousin Marion. 435 00:30:30,246 --> 00:30:33,666 Marion. Marion, hi. 436 00:30:33,791 --> 00:30:37,878 My condolences for your family's losses. 437 00:30:38,003 --> 00:30:41,215 I don't have the words. 438 00:30:41,340 --> 00:30:43,509 It's unfathomable, it's unthinkable. 439 00:30:46,387 --> 00:30:49,431 I just, I can't... 440 00:30:49,557 --> 00:30:52,309 Two of the closest people to you in a year, 441 00:30:52,434 --> 00:30:54,228 who can withstand it? 442 00:30:54,353 --> 00:30:55,646 How is she? 443 00:31:26,844 --> 00:31:30,639 Hold me. Don't leave me. 444 00:31:30,764 --> 00:31:33,892 I am right here. I am right here. 445 00:31:34,018 --> 00:31:35,603 I am right here. 446 00:31:38,022 --> 00:31:40,774 Stay. Stay. 447 00:31:40,899 --> 00:31:43,986 - Stay. Stay. - I am right here 448 00:31:44,111 --> 00:31:48,324 Stay. Stay. Stay. 449 00:31:48,449 --> 00:31:49,658 Stay. 450 00:33:40,936 --> 00:33:42,312 Hey. 451 00:33:42,438 --> 00:33:46,608 - You made it in okay? - Yeah, I'm here. 452 00:33:46,734 --> 00:33:48,277 How are you? 453 00:33:48,402 --> 00:33:50,404 Tell me how you're feeling. 454 00:33:50,529 --> 00:33:53,031 How does it feel to be back there with all of her things? 455 00:33:53,157 --> 00:33:56,076 I'm here, Marion. That's all I am. 456 00:33:59,830 --> 00:34:03,250 - You know what? I gotta go. - Right. 457 00:34:04,543 --> 00:34:06,837 I've gotta get this house packed. 458 00:34:06,962 --> 00:34:09,965 I could come down this weekend and help you. 459 00:34:10,090 --> 00:34:11,425 We could take it slow. 460 00:34:11,550 --> 00:34:13,177 I've gotta get these things packed up 461 00:34:13,302 --> 00:34:14,678 so I can start back work. 462 00:34:14,803 --> 00:34:17,639 Wait, you're starting back to work? 463 00:34:17,765 --> 00:34:19,600 Of course. 464 00:34:19,725 --> 00:34:21,935 What am I supposed to do? How am I supposed to live? 465 00:34:22,060 --> 00:34:23,812 Okay. 466 00:34:23,937 --> 00:34:26,857 What is the work you have to do and when do you need to start? 467 00:34:26,982 --> 00:34:28,984 Marion, I have to go. I'm already behind. 468 00:34:29,109 --> 00:34:30,360 I... 469 00:34:30,486 --> 00:34:32,780 I'll talk to you later, okay? Bye. 470 00:34:32,905 --> 00:34:35,115 Okay. 471 00:34:35,240 --> 00:34:37,409 The HVAC guy got the sump pump working 472 00:34:37,534 --> 00:34:40,412 and got most of the water out. 473 00:34:40,537 --> 00:34:42,998 This has never happened before. 474 00:34:43,123 --> 00:34:45,042 I'm never down here. My husband was always 475 00:34:45,167 --> 00:34:46,210 the one down here, 476 00:34:46,335 --> 00:34:48,420 changing the filter in the furnace 477 00:34:48,545 --> 00:34:50,464 or checking the fuse box. 478 00:34:50,589 --> 00:34:54,426 But he died last year, so... 479 00:34:54,551 --> 00:34:55,803 Uh-huh. 480 00:35:05,437 --> 00:35:07,314 There's where the water's coming in. 481 00:35:07,439 --> 00:35:09,399 Where? 482 00:35:09,525 --> 00:35:10,734 The sink. 483 00:35:15,656 --> 00:35:18,242 The sink doesn't overflow. 484 00:35:20,536 --> 00:35:24,081 I mean, is it a pipe that's clogged, or... 485 00:35:24,206 --> 00:35:25,999 Probably the pump needs clearing out. 486 00:35:26,124 --> 00:35:27,501 I'll write an estimate. 487 00:35:55,571 --> 00:35:57,489 My mother died a few months ago. 488 00:36:02,494 --> 00:36:06,248 What about you? 489 00:36:06,373 --> 00:36:08,166 Is your mother still alive? 490 00:36:12,838 --> 00:36:15,007 No. No, she's not. 491 00:36:15,132 --> 00:36:19,970 Died in 1991, 52 years old. 492 00:36:20,095 --> 00:36:21,263 Goodness. 493 00:36:25,058 --> 00:36:29,771 That's not old... at all. 494 00:36:29,897 --> 00:36:32,816 It sure ain't. 495 00:36:32,941 --> 00:36:34,109 Your father? 496 00:36:40,157 --> 00:36:41,992 He's 78. 497 00:36:42,117 --> 00:36:44,119 Hmm. 498 00:36:44,244 --> 00:36:47,706 You're lucky to have him. 499 00:36:47,831 --> 00:36:49,291 He's mean as they come. 500 00:36:56,340 --> 00:36:58,759 Well... 501 00:36:58,884 --> 00:37:00,719 I guess, in the end, we miss them no matter... 502 00:37:00,844 --> 00:37:02,054 no matter what they were like. 503 00:37:02,179 --> 00:37:04,181 No, not him. 504 00:37:14,316 --> 00:37:16,068 You know what? Uh... 505 00:37:21,448 --> 00:37:24,117 - You see something? - Well, maybe. 506 00:38:10,580 --> 00:38:12,958 - I have an idea. Yes. - You do? 507 00:38:13,083 --> 00:38:15,043 Thought that might be why you came. 508 00:38:16,378 --> 00:38:20,674 - Tell us, tell. Is it... - Well, I... 509 00:38:20,799 --> 00:38:23,885 didn't explore the Trayvon Martin case. 510 00:38:24,011 --> 00:38:25,303 I know it's been a while, 511 00:38:25,429 --> 00:38:29,099 but I think there's a lot to unpack. 512 00:38:29,224 --> 00:38:30,934 I've been thinking about my mother 513 00:38:31,059 --> 00:38:32,436 and how she insisted 514 00:38:32,561 --> 00:38:36,189 we be polite and buttoned up around white people. 515 00:38:40,777 --> 00:38:45,365 And there's all this... Nazi symbolism 516 00:38:45,490 --> 00:38:48,368 all over the place. You heard about what happened 517 00:38:48,493 --> 00:38:49,745 in Charlottesville. 518 00:38:49,870 --> 00:38:51,413 - Yes. Neo-Nazis. - Yeah. 519 00:38:51,538 --> 00:38:57,044 Drove his car through a crowd at a protest for Black Lives. 520 00:38:57,169 --> 00:38:59,212 Killed a white woman. 521 00:38:59,337 --> 00:39:00,630 Heather Heyer. 522 00:39:00,756 --> 00:39:05,677 All these idiots walking around with tiki torches, 523 00:39:05,802 --> 00:39:11,433 invoking imagery from the KKK and Nazi Germany to stoke fear. 524 00:39:11,558 --> 00:39:13,477 There's this terrific Indian scholar. 525 00:39:13,602 --> 00:39:17,564 I've been wanting to read his work, but I haven't. 526 00:39:17,689 --> 00:39:19,399 Um... 527 00:39:19,524 --> 00:39:22,069 He's a Dalit professor, and he won a... 528 00:39:22,194 --> 00:39:24,654 - Sorry, a "Dalit" professor? - He's a Dalit 529 00:39:24,780 --> 00:39:25,947 and a professor. 530 00:39:26,073 --> 00:39:27,824 The Dalits are untouchables in India, 531 00:39:27,949 --> 00:39:29,743 beneath the lowest caste. 532 00:39:29,868 --> 00:39:31,328 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 533 00:39:31,453 --> 00:39:33,038 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 534 00:39:33,163 --> 00:39:35,165 No! Me either. Why? 535 00:39:35,290 --> 00:39:38,752 There's connective tissue here. There's connective tissue there. 536 00:39:38,877 --> 00:39:41,671 There is connective tissue here. I... I could... 537 00:39:41,797 --> 00:39:43,673 I could... I could... 538 00:39:43,799 --> 00:39:47,594 I could build a thesis that shows how all of this, 539 00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:49,346 all of it, 540 00:39:49,471 --> 00:39:52,682 is linked. 541 00:39:52,808 --> 00:39:54,851 Well... 542 00:39:57,854 --> 00:40:01,066 Well, that's the writer's journey, right? 543 00:40:01,191 --> 00:40:03,735 Sorting all of that out. 544 00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:06,446 There's a lot going on in that big brain of yours. 545 00:40:06,571 --> 00:40:09,449 I love that. I love it. 546 00:40:09,574 --> 00:40:13,203 But I gotta be honest with you, I don't understand 547 00:40:13,328 --> 00:40:16,248 how the woman that they killed, by the neo-Nazis... 548 00:40:16,373 --> 00:40:17,666 Heather Heyer. 549 00:40:17,791 --> 00:40:20,460 ...how that connects to the Dalit professor... 550 00:40:20,585 --> 00:40:22,295 - Mm-hmm. - ...connects to Trayvon Martin, 551 00:40:22,420 --> 00:40:24,965 connects to your mom. 552 00:40:25,090 --> 00:40:26,508 I don't see it. 553 00:40:26,633 --> 00:40:27,926 Yet. I don't see that yet. 554 00:40:28,051 --> 00:40:30,637 But if you can make people see it, 555 00:40:30,762 --> 00:40:33,056 then that is an incredible book. 556 00:40:54,578 --> 00:40:57,414 Come here. Mm... 557 00:40:57,539 --> 00:40:59,875 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 558 00:42:18,536 --> 00:42:20,038 - Hello, excuse me. - Hi. 559 00:42:20,163 --> 00:42:21,748 Um, this is the book you ordered. 560 00:42:21,873 --> 00:42:24,542 - Oh, yes, yes. Please sit down. - And the list we talked about. 561 00:42:27,254 --> 00:42:30,090 This is a list from 1935, October, 562 00:42:30,215 --> 00:42:34,219 - a little bit later than the first list. - Yes. 563 00:42:34,344 --> 00:42:37,347 And here, Remarque, Erich Maria... 564 00:42:37,472 --> 00:42:40,183 That means everything he wrote is "to destroyed." Blown. 565 00:42:40,308 --> 00:42:42,102 -"To be destroyed." - Yes. 566 00:43:03,581 --> 00:43:04,874 Excuse me. 567 00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:09,546 I heard you inquire about Remarque. 568 00:43:09,671 --> 00:43:12,424 But I couldn't hear the librarian's answer. 569 00:43:12,549 --> 00:43:14,884 I'm Kästner. 570 00:43:15,010 --> 00:43:17,053 I'm from here. 571 00:43:17,178 --> 00:43:20,473 How long have you been in Berlin? 572 00:43:20,598 --> 00:43:22,225 About five weeks. 573 00:43:25,061 --> 00:43:26,980 You've no idea what's happening. 574 00:43:27,105 --> 00:43:31,067 - Pardon me? - I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. 575 00:43:31,192 --> 00:43:34,571 You have no idea what's happening here. 576 00:43:34,696 --> 00:43:36,948 Everything is being torn apart. 577 00:43:59,846 --> 00:44:08,229 The period of exaggerated Jewish intellectualism 578 00:44:08,355 --> 00:44:10,231 is now at an end! 579 00:44:14,778 --> 00:44:17,072 The German soul... 580 00:44:17,197 --> 00:44:21,618 ...can express itself again! 581 00:44:21,743 --> 00:44:25,538 No to decadence... 582 00:44:28,166 --> 00:44:30,919 ...and moral corruption! 583 00:44:36,091 --> 00:44:44,182 Yes to decency and morality in family and state! 584 00:44:48,228 --> 00:44:51,272 In Germany, there's memorials to nearly everyone 585 00:44:51,398 --> 00:44:54,651 victimized by the Nazis. 586 00:44:54,776 --> 00:44:57,320 And there's no entry sign, no gate. 587 00:44:57,445 --> 00:45:00,740 - It's just opened both day and night. - Yes, yes. 588 00:45:09,082 --> 00:45:10,959 Just standing to bear witness. 589 00:45:19,801 --> 00:45:22,262 20,000 books that were lost that night. 590 00:45:26,558 --> 00:45:31,438 Books filled with imagination and ideas, and history. 591 00:45:41,364 --> 00:45:45,535 Leave here, my friends. 592 00:45:45,660 --> 00:45:47,745 Leave Germany. 593 00:45:47,871 --> 00:45:49,581 Go to your home as soon as you can, 594 00:45:49,706 --> 00:45:51,458 you'll be safer there. 595 00:46:00,925 --> 00:46:06,264 I deliver to the flames the works of... 596 00:46:06,389 --> 00:46:09,100 Sigmund Freud, 597 00:46:09,225 --> 00:46:11,853 Heinrich Mann, 598 00:46:11,978 --> 00:46:14,314 Ernst Gläser, 599 00:46:14,439 --> 00:46:17,609 Erich Maria Remarque... 600 00:46:20,778 --> 00:46:22,113 Erich Kästner. 601 00:46:25,450 --> 00:46:28,369 "Where you burn books, you end up burning men." 602 00:46:28,495 --> 00:46:30,872 It's a quote by Heinrich Heine. 603 00:46:30,997 --> 00:46:33,791 He was a poet. German and Jewish. 604 00:46:45,220 --> 00:46:47,722 No. You are not changing the subject anymore. 605 00:46:47,847 --> 00:46:49,891 - Oh, yeah. - Okay. 606 00:46:50,016 --> 00:46:51,226 - Guns, Christmas. - Yes. 607 00:46:51,351 --> 00:46:52,852 - And then? - Ah! 608 00:46:52,977 --> 00:46:55,480 - Jawohl. Sweetheart? - No, I still have 609 00:46:55,605 --> 00:46:56,689 a couple sips left. 610 00:46:58,107 --> 00:46:59,234 You're basically in danger 611 00:46:59,359 --> 00:47:00,818 when you're visiting your family. 612 00:47:00,944 --> 00:47:02,695 - Yeah. Always. - It's the American way. 613 00:47:02,820 --> 00:47:06,699 I mean, we know. We know. It's ridiculous. 614 00:47:06,824 --> 00:47:10,245 That is what I'm looking at with the article. 615 00:47:10,370 --> 00:47:14,541 You have 900 shootings a week, it seems, in America, 616 00:47:14,666 --> 00:47:16,834 and you keep giving people guns. 617 00:47:16,960 --> 00:47:18,670 I don't understand at all. 618 00:47:18,795 --> 00:47:19,879 We don't even understand it ourselves. 619 00:47:20,004 --> 00:47:21,714 We don't understand. 620 00:47:21,839 --> 00:47:24,634 You know, I um... I heard, here, 621 00:47:24,759 --> 00:47:29,055 that displaying the swastika is a crime. 622 00:47:29,180 --> 00:47:31,057 - Mm-hmm. - Three years in prison? 623 00:47:31,182 --> 00:47:32,392 Yes, yes, that's true. 624 00:47:32,517 --> 00:47:33,851 I mean, it's not tolerated. 625 00:47:33,977 --> 00:47:37,105 Well, in America, um... 626 00:47:37,230 --> 00:47:39,899 the Confederate flag, which is like your swastika, 627 00:47:40,024 --> 00:47:43,444 the flag of murderers and traitors, 628 00:47:43,570 --> 00:47:45,780 it is a part of the official flag 629 00:47:45,905 --> 00:47:47,073 of one of our states, 630 00:47:47,198 --> 00:47:49,242 - No. - Mississippi. 631 00:47:49,367 --> 00:47:52,662 Men who wanted to wage war for the right 632 00:47:52,787 --> 00:47:54,831 to own other human beings. 633 00:47:54,956 --> 00:47:59,586 Statues of them sprinkled all over the country right now. 634 00:47:59,711 --> 00:48:01,963 - Madness. - Hmm. 635 00:48:02,088 --> 00:48:04,173 You know, it's not perfect, 636 00:48:04,299 --> 00:48:07,427 but Germany has no monuments that celebrate Nazis. 637 00:48:07,552 --> 00:48:08,886 I mean, everything Hitler's gone, 638 00:48:09,012 --> 00:48:11,431 paved right over it all, and built new things. 639 00:48:11,556 --> 00:48:14,183 I mean, you can literally walk right over Nazi places 640 00:48:14,309 --> 00:48:16,060 and never know they were even there. 641 00:48:16,185 --> 00:48:17,687 - And the bunker. - Yes, the bunker. 642 00:48:17,812 --> 00:48:19,314 - It's long gone. - It's like nothing. 643 00:48:19,439 --> 00:48:21,608 - Yeah. - I mean, it was 30 feet underground, 644 00:48:21,733 --> 00:48:23,985 and was protected with reinforced concrete. 645 00:48:24,110 --> 00:48:25,695 And now it has, like, a Volkswagen 646 00:48:25,820 --> 00:48:28,740 or something parked on top of it at any given time of the day. 647 00:48:28,865 --> 00:48:30,533 It is very different than the States. 648 00:48:30,658 --> 00:48:32,368 A very different approach. 649 00:48:32,493 --> 00:48:34,037 Well, there are so many differences 650 00:48:34,162 --> 00:48:35,955 between here and there. We are talking 651 00:48:36,080 --> 00:48:39,542 about the systematic murder of 6,000,000 Jews, 652 00:48:39,667 --> 00:48:41,085 that's the official number. 653 00:48:41,210 --> 00:48:44,088 So it's just very different 654 00:48:44,213 --> 00:48:45,882 than monuments to soldiers and whatnot. 655 00:48:46,007 --> 00:48:48,718 And what? What are you saying is different? 656 00:48:48,843 --> 00:48:50,970 All of it. We're talking about deliberate extermination 657 00:48:51,095 --> 00:48:52,680 over many years. 658 00:48:52,805 --> 00:48:55,141 Yeah, but wasn't slavery for, like, hundreds of years? 659 00:48:55,266 --> 00:48:59,729 - Right, Isabel? - Slavery lasted 246 years. 660 00:48:59,854 --> 00:49:03,566 That's 13 generations of people. 661 00:49:03,691 --> 00:49:05,985 Plus another 100 years of Jim Crow, 662 00:49:06,110 --> 00:49:09,030 segregation, violence and murder. 663 00:49:09,155 --> 00:49:11,824 It is, of course, horrific. I am not downplaying any of it. 664 00:49:11,949 --> 00:49:15,578 There were so many millions of African Americans 665 00:49:15,703 --> 00:49:19,874 who were murdered. 666 00:49:19,999 --> 00:49:21,918 From the Middle Passage until the end 667 00:49:22,043 --> 00:49:23,419 of legal segregation, 668 00:49:23,544 --> 00:49:28,007 that it goes beyond the realm of an official number. 669 00:49:31,886 --> 00:49:34,639 - There is no number. - I didn't know that. 670 00:49:34,764 --> 00:49:37,058 - No. It's stunning. - It is. 671 00:49:37,183 --> 00:49:41,604 And I understand you're trying to make sense 672 00:49:41,729 --> 00:49:44,065 of American racism. It is noble. 673 00:49:44,190 --> 00:49:47,235 But your thesis linking caste in Germany 674 00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:50,238 with the United States is flawed. 675 00:49:56,911 --> 00:49:59,163 Maybe it's not exactly the same, 676 00:49:59,288 --> 00:50:01,374 but the thesis of structural similarity 677 00:50:01,499 --> 00:50:03,835 certainly gives context for a framework. 678 00:50:03,960 --> 00:50:07,213 Right, but a framework is not a book, my friends. 679 00:50:07,338 --> 00:50:11,175 She is trying to connect the United States to Germany, 680 00:50:11,300 --> 00:50:12,552 but it doesn't fit. 681 00:50:12,677 --> 00:50:14,929 It's as if you're trying 682 00:50:15,054 --> 00:50:17,265 to "fit a square inside the circle," as they say. 683 00:50:20,226 --> 00:50:22,854 I would just like you to note for yourself 684 00:50:22,979 --> 00:50:27,150 that American slavery is rooted in subjugation, 685 00:50:27,275 --> 00:50:31,320 dominating Blacks for the purposes of capitalism, 686 00:50:31,446 --> 00:50:35,825 using bodies and labour for profit. 687 00:50:35,950 --> 00:50:39,704 But for the Jews during the Holocaust, 688 00:50:39,829 --> 00:50:44,083 the end call was not subjugation, 689 00:50:44,208 --> 00:50:46,794 it was extermination. 690 00:50:46,919 --> 00:50:49,046 "Kill them all. 691 00:50:49,172 --> 00:50:51,632 Wipe them off the face of the Earth. 692 00:50:51,758 --> 00:50:55,261 There's no need for them here." 693 00:50:55,386 --> 00:50:58,806 It's different. 694 00:50:58,931 --> 00:51:02,769 I say, leave Jewish folks alone. 695 00:51:02,894 --> 00:51:04,812 They're fine. They don't need you. 696 00:51:04,937 --> 00:51:07,148 Write about us, Isabel. 697 00:51:07,273 --> 00:51:09,192 I am writing about us. 698 00:51:09,317 --> 00:51:11,569 I just... 699 00:51:11,694 --> 00:51:14,030 I couldn't fully explain 700 00:51:14,155 --> 00:51:16,032 - what was in my head. - You better than me. 701 00:51:16,157 --> 00:51:17,950 Because I would have had words. 702 00:51:18,075 --> 00:51:19,076 She was rude. 703 00:51:19,202 --> 00:51:20,912 I had words. 704 00:51:21,037 --> 00:51:22,497 I had a ton of words. 705 00:51:22,622 --> 00:51:24,791 Wow. And none of them were, 706 00:51:24,916 --> 00:51:28,878 "I'm the right one on the wrong day, baby"? 707 00:51:29,003 --> 00:51:30,505 Yeah, well, I'm still my mother's child, 708 00:51:30,630 --> 00:51:32,673 - and that wouldn't have happened. - I know. 709 00:51:32,799 --> 00:51:36,552 You never could bag back, even when we were kids. 710 00:51:36,677 --> 00:51:38,304 Always thinking about your comeback 711 00:51:38,429 --> 00:51:39,931 the next day. 712 00:51:40,056 --> 00:51:43,226 "I know what I should have said was..." 713 00:51:45,353 --> 00:51:47,355 What if Brett had been there last night? 714 00:51:50,775 --> 00:51:52,360 Poor lady. 715 00:51:52,485 --> 00:51:54,737 Probably would still be there, 716 00:51:54,862 --> 00:51:56,489 confronting. 717 00:51:59,951 --> 00:52:00,952 Afternoon. 718 00:52:01,077 --> 00:52:02,745 Hi, afternoon. 719 00:52:02,870 --> 00:52:04,747 Some unwanted visitors, huh? 720 00:52:04,872 --> 00:52:08,376 - Looks like they even built a guesthouse. 721 00:52:08,501 --> 00:52:10,878 I'm putting these out in the backyard to empty out. 722 00:52:11,003 --> 00:52:13,339 Just have your gardener pick 'em up in a day or two. 723 00:52:13,464 --> 00:52:15,925 Sir. Sir. 724 00:52:16,050 --> 00:52:17,635 Sir, I don't want that. 725 00:52:17,760 --> 00:52:21,138 I'd rather not have those nests in my yard. 726 00:52:21,264 --> 00:52:23,140 I have dogs, 727 00:52:23,266 --> 00:52:25,309 and that spray can't be good for them. 728 00:52:25,434 --> 00:52:27,311 It's fine, won't hurt 'em. 729 00:52:32,692 --> 00:52:34,026 Hey. 730 00:52:34,151 --> 00:52:35,778 Can I help? 731 00:52:35,903 --> 00:52:38,281 - Can I just... - Yes, go ahead. 732 00:52:38,406 --> 00:52:39,949 Excuse me. 733 00:52:40,074 --> 00:52:41,826 She doesn't want it back there. Did you...? 734 00:52:41,951 --> 00:52:43,244 Did you not hear what she said? 735 00:52:43,369 --> 00:52:44,996 Yeah, but I can't take it with me today. 736 00:52:45,121 --> 00:52:46,789 - My bins are full. - Okay. Well, 737 00:52:46,914 --> 00:52:49,834 I guess we're just gonna have to figure something out then, right? 738 00:52:49,959 --> 00:52:51,085 I mean, you didn't... 739 00:52:51,210 --> 00:52:54,839 you didn't remove that for free, did you? 740 00:52:54,964 --> 00:52:58,175 No. Right? 741 00:52:58,301 --> 00:53:00,469 - No, I didn't. - So, look, if this is your tree, 742 00:53:00,595 --> 00:53:02,430 you go ahead and you leave that wherever you'd like. 743 00:53:02,555 --> 00:53:04,765 But if you do want to get paid for your work, 744 00:53:04,891 --> 00:53:06,809 you're gonna have to finish the job. 745 00:53:13,274 --> 00:53:14,859 Appreciate the cooperation. 746 00:53:19,238 --> 00:53:21,282 Did I just mansplain? 747 00:53:23,576 --> 00:53:26,871 - Well, you asked for permission, so... - Right. 748 00:53:26,996 --> 00:53:28,372 And if you hadn't... 749 00:53:28,497 --> 00:53:31,042 I'd be in a white saviour mode, right? 750 00:53:31,167 --> 00:53:32,919 - What do you know about that? 751 00:53:33,044 --> 00:53:34,545 Oh, hey. Well, break bad habits, 752 00:53:34,670 --> 00:53:37,214 you never gonna get broke, right? 753 00:53:40,384 --> 00:53:42,261 Well, you asked for permission, 754 00:53:42,386 --> 00:53:44,096 so we'll just call it being neighbourly. 755 00:53:44,221 --> 00:53:46,682 Okay. Let's... let's do that. 756 00:53:49,101 --> 00:53:51,771 I haven't seen your mom and dad on their walks for a while. 757 00:53:51,896 --> 00:53:53,606 - How are they doing? - You know, 758 00:53:53,731 --> 00:53:55,066 they're slowing down. Thank you. 759 00:53:55,191 --> 00:53:57,902 But they're having the conversation about moving 760 00:53:58,027 --> 00:53:59,403 to Florida. 761 00:53:59,528 --> 00:54:03,240 But they're hanging in, you know. 762 00:54:03,366 --> 00:54:05,576 - My mom, too. - Mmm. 763 00:54:05,701 --> 00:54:07,244 I get it. 764 00:54:09,830 --> 00:54:13,250 My mom made me promise I'd come by today. It's... 765 00:54:13,376 --> 00:54:16,587 It's my birthday, so... 766 00:54:16,712 --> 00:54:18,839 Wait... 767 00:54:18,965 --> 00:54:20,633 - Today is your birthday? - Yeah. 768 00:54:20,758 --> 00:54:23,803 - Today is your birthday? - It is. 769 00:54:23,928 --> 00:54:25,471 - Yes, she... - Oh. 770 00:54:25,596 --> 00:54:29,141 She made me a cake. Like I was a little kid. 771 00:54:29,266 --> 00:54:31,811 'Cause she still thinks you're her baby. 772 00:54:31,936 --> 00:54:33,062 I think it's sweet. 773 00:54:33,187 --> 00:54:35,898 Hmm. 774 00:54:36,023 --> 00:54:37,024 Um... 775 00:54:37,149 --> 00:54:40,611 Happy birthday... 776 00:54:40,736 --> 00:54:43,781 It's Brett. 777 00:54:43,906 --> 00:54:45,783 - I'm Isabel. - Yeah, I know. 778 00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,165 And I think birthdays are a big deal. 779 00:54:53,290 --> 00:54:55,626 - Do you? Wow. - Yes, I do. 780 00:54:55,751 --> 00:54:58,004 - Not me, honestly, but... - They should be. 781 00:54:58,129 --> 00:54:59,046 - Really? - Yes. 782 00:54:59,171 --> 00:55:00,172 Okay. 783 00:55:04,427 --> 00:55:06,345 Will you come over? 784 00:55:06,470 --> 00:55:07,972 Come have a slice of cake with us, 785 00:55:08,097 --> 00:55:09,807 you know, that would make my mom so happy. 786 00:55:09,932 --> 00:55:13,310 And... And, you know, it would make the birthday 787 00:55:13,436 --> 00:55:17,356 a big deal, because I don't have any idea how to do that. 788 00:55:24,822 --> 00:55:26,991 Well, I haven't seen your mom and dad for a while. 789 00:55:27,116 --> 00:55:31,037 - There you go. - Yeah. 790 00:55:31,162 --> 00:55:32,246 I'll come in and say hi. 791 00:55:32,371 --> 00:55:33,539 - Yeah? - Yeah. 792 00:55:33,664 --> 00:55:34,915 Wow. 793 00:55:35,041 --> 00:55:38,544 - Okay. - Oh, God. 794 00:55:38,669 --> 00:55:40,379 - What? - Nothing, what? 795 00:55:40,504 --> 00:55:42,840 Come on, let's go eat some cake. 796 00:55:42,965 --> 00:55:45,009 - She makes a mean cake, too. - Really? 797 00:55:45,134 --> 00:55:46,969 Oh, yeah, she's got the layers going. 798 00:55:47,094 --> 00:55:49,305 - What kind are we talking about? - We're talking about, I mean... 799 00:55:49,430 --> 00:55:51,682 Hopefully, there's not gonna be, like, a fire engine on it 800 00:55:51,807 --> 00:55:54,435 like when I was seven, you never know with my mom. 801 00:57:39,707 --> 00:57:44,879 These are the minutes from the meeting in 1934. 802 00:57:45,004 --> 00:57:49,091 15 months after the meeting, they become law. 803 00:57:49,216 --> 00:57:51,135 - Jim Crow laws. - Yes. 804 00:57:51,260 --> 00:57:53,721 - American race laws. - Yes. 805 00:57:53,846 --> 00:57:55,973 It's mind-blowing. 806 00:58:12,990 --> 00:58:15,075 "Our problem is different. 807 00:58:15,201 --> 00:58:18,913 Their problem is... 808 00:58:19,038 --> 00:58:23,292 negroes with nothing to build upon. 809 00:58:23,417 --> 00:58:27,254 A problem that plays no part for us here in Germany. 810 00:58:27,379 --> 00:58:30,424 Our problem is the Jews, 811 00:58:30,549 --> 00:58:32,801 who must be kept enduringly apart." 812 00:58:32,927 --> 00:58:35,554 - What is this? - That is a transcript 813 00:58:35,679 --> 00:58:37,723 of a meeting that I saw a picture of, 814 00:58:37,848 --> 00:58:42,311 where Nazi lawyers were studying American law and customs 815 00:58:42,436 --> 00:58:45,397 to figure out how to pull off the Holocaust. 816 00:58:45,522 --> 00:58:49,693 Our problem is the Jews who must be kept enduringly apart, 817 00:58:49,818 --> 00:58:51,570 since there's no doubt that they represent 818 00:58:51,695 --> 00:58:53,072 a foreign body in the Volk. 819 00:58:53,197 --> 00:58:55,532 And segregation will never achieve the goal 820 00:58:55,658 --> 00:58:57,993 as long as the Jews have economic power 821 00:58:58,118 --> 00:59:00,871 in the German fatherland as they do have now. 822 00:59:00,996 --> 00:59:05,042 As long as they have the most beautiful automobiles, 823 00:59:05,167 --> 00:59:08,003 - the most beautiful motorboats... - Mm-hmm. 824 00:59:08,128 --> 00:59:10,172 As long as they play a prominent role 825 00:59:10,297 --> 00:59:12,591 in the pleasure spots and resorts 826 00:59:12,716 --> 00:59:15,052 and everywhere that costs money. 827 00:59:15,177 --> 00:59:17,596 This can only be achieved through measures 828 00:59:17,721 --> 00:59:22,476 that forbids sexual mixing of a Jew and a German, 829 00:59:22,601 --> 00:59:24,228 and imposes criminal punishment. 830 00:59:24,353 --> 00:59:27,106 We must answer the question today 831 00:59:27,231 --> 00:59:30,776 as to whether laws that the Reich will institute 832 00:59:30,901 --> 00:59:34,154 should declare only the separation of races, 833 00:59:34,280 --> 00:59:38,534 or if it should declare the superiority of one 834 00:59:38,659 --> 00:59:41,120 and the inferiority of others. 835 00:59:46,250 --> 00:59:48,502 In the fall of 1933, 836 00:59:48,627 --> 00:59:51,171 Allison Davis and his wife, Elizabeth, 837 00:59:51,297 --> 00:59:55,926 cut short their advanced studies at the University of Berlin, 838 00:59:56,051 --> 01:00:00,139 and fled Germany when Hitler took power. 839 01:00:00,264 --> 01:00:02,057 Well, we finally got proof 840 01:00:02,182 --> 01:00:05,060 that one landowner named Bailey has been whipping sharecroppers. 841 01:00:05,185 --> 01:00:06,979 Bailey's wife told me 842 01:00:07,104 --> 01:00:09,148 that's the way to manage them when they get too "uppity"? 843 01:00:09,273 --> 01:00:11,400 We heard about a tenant farmer, one county over, 844 01:00:11,525 --> 01:00:14,403 who was beaten so badly by a store merchant, he can't bring in a crop. 845 01:00:14,528 --> 01:00:15,988 We're headin' over there tomorrow. 846 01:00:16,113 --> 01:00:17,197 Do you know what sparked that? 847 01:00:17,323 --> 01:00:19,033 The Negro man asked for a receipt. 848 01:00:19,158 --> 01:00:21,035 Beat him right there in the store. 849 01:00:21,160 --> 01:00:25,706 It inspired him to study the process of injustice. 850 01:00:25,831 --> 01:00:30,294 This gave Dr. Davis new insight into the nature of hate. 851 01:00:30,419 --> 01:00:33,172 The other half of their team was a white couple 852 01:00:33,297 --> 01:00:35,758 named Burleigh and Mary Gardner, 853 01:00:35,883 --> 01:00:38,719 also Harvard anthropologists. 854 01:00:38,844 --> 01:00:43,015 The mission was quietly revolutionary. 855 01:00:43,140 --> 01:00:46,143 Together, all four would embed themselves 856 01:00:46,268 --> 01:00:49,480 in an isolated Southern town from both sides 857 01:00:49,605 --> 01:00:52,775 of the caste divide. 858 01:00:52,900 --> 01:00:55,861 One breach of a social order could cost them 859 01:00:55,986 --> 01:00:57,404 all their lives. 860 01:00:59,948 --> 01:01:01,784 And this was exactly what they were doing 861 01:01:01,909 --> 01:01:04,703 in Natchez, Mississippi, 862 01:01:04,828 --> 01:01:08,207 breaching the social order to study the social hierarchy 863 01:01:08,332 --> 01:01:10,751 of the South. 864 01:01:10,876 --> 01:01:12,336 A mission that would render them 865 01:01:12,461 --> 01:01:14,129 undercover investigators 866 01:01:14,254 --> 01:01:17,257 in order to fit into the community. 867 01:01:17,383 --> 01:01:19,343 This would be one of the first studies 868 01:01:19,468 --> 01:01:21,095 of its kind. 869 01:01:21,220 --> 01:01:23,931 Neither couple fully knew what they were 870 01:01:24,056 --> 01:01:27,434 getting themselves into. 871 01:01:27,559 --> 01:01:29,353 Out in public, 872 01:01:29,478 --> 01:01:34,483 they had to remain in character at all times. 873 01:01:34,608 --> 01:01:37,903 With the Davises required to show deference 874 01:01:38,028 --> 01:01:40,239 to the Gardners and never give the appearance 875 01:01:40,364 --> 01:01:44,701 that they were, in fact, colleagues in the trenches, 876 01:01:44,827 --> 01:01:48,372 they had to keep to their own caste performance. 877 01:01:48,497 --> 01:01:52,334 Everyone had to play the part expected of them. 878 01:01:52,459 --> 01:01:54,586 They don't need to be out on these streets. 879 01:01:54,711 --> 01:01:56,213 You seen 'em around before? 880 01:01:56,338 --> 01:01:57,673 Oh, yeah. 881 01:01:57,798 --> 01:01:59,800 The monkey's getting too big for his britches. 882 01:01:59,925 --> 01:02:01,260 Hmm. 883 01:02:01,385 --> 01:02:02,970 - Might've to train him. 884 01:02:03,095 --> 01:02:04,012 Come on. 885 01:02:07,474 --> 01:02:09,768 I don't see how we stay much longer. 886 01:02:09,893 --> 01:02:11,311 Our neighbour practically invited us 887 01:02:11,437 --> 01:02:12,646 to a lynching yesterday. 888 01:02:12,771 --> 01:02:15,482 And Allison, there've been some... 889 01:02:15,607 --> 01:02:18,569 some unkind things said about you. 890 01:02:18,694 --> 01:02:21,071 I can't be sure these folks don't get in mind 891 01:02:21,196 --> 01:02:22,114 and do something. 892 01:02:22,239 --> 01:02:23,657 We're seeing similar suspicion, 893 01:02:23,782 --> 01:02:25,200 - we should consider. - Not yet. 894 01:02:25,325 --> 01:02:27,202 - Allison. - You're getting into the wide inner circle 895 01:02:27,327 --> 01:02:28,787 - of this town... - It's not worth our safety. 896 01:02:28,912 --> 01:02:31,999 ...and that is what we need to observe. 897 01:02:32,124 --> 01:02:34,001 We're close. 898 01:02:34,126 --> 01:02:36,003 The two couples kept on the move, 899 01:02:36,128 --> 01:02:40,799 constantly changing clandestine locations for safety. 900 01:02:40,924 --> 01:02:42,968 They couldn't go to each other's homes. 901 01:02:43,093 --> 01:02:46,555 Mixing of races was not allowed publicly 902 01:02:46,680 --> 01:02:49,808 in any form except subservience. 903 01:02:52,603 --> 01:02:58,442 "A most striking tenet of their embrace of supremacy 904 01:02:58,567 --> 01:03:01,528 is deference." 905 01:03:01,653 --> 01:03:04,490 That should be the core of the chapter, don't you think? 906 01:03:04,615 --> 01:03:07,117 Maybe you're right. 907 01:03:07,242 --> 01:03:09,286 Deference goes beyond mere observance 908 01:03:09,411 --> 01:03:11,580 of certain formalities. 909 01:03:11,705 --> 01:03:13,457 We call them "sir" 910 01:03:13,582 --> 01:03:15,501 and they call us "boy" and "gal." 911 01:03:15,626 --> 01:03:16,919 Exactly. 912 01:03:17,044 --> 01:03:19,254 Never contradicting whites. 913 01:03:19,379 --> 01:03:21,006 Always agreeing with them. 914 01:03:21,131 --> 01:03:24,384 Evenin'. 915 01:03:24,510 --> 01:03:27,554 - Hey! - Y'all eat? 916 01:03:27,679 --> 01:03:30,933 Been out here readin' and writin' for hours. 917 01:03:33,519 --> 01:03:35,437 Greens with fatback gonna get cold. 918 01:03:35,562 --> 01:03:37,940 Hey, now, ain't gotta tell me twice. 919 01:03:38,065 --> 01:03:40,400 No. Yes, ma'am. Can't wait to try them greens. 920 01:03:41,527 --> 01:03:42,528 We'll be there. 921 01:03:45,239 --> 01:03:46,198 All right. 922 01:04:07,761 --> 01:04:09,346 Hey! 923 01:04:09,471 --> 01:04:11,431 Hi! 924 01:04:51,138 --> 01:04:53,432 The American material gives us 925 01:04:53,557 --> 01:04:56,101 a path to an answer. 926 01:04:56,226 --> 01:05:01,398 Yeah. America has succeeded here. 927 01:05:01,523 --> 01:05:04,526 Their legislation does not base itself 928 01:05:04,651 --> 01:05:08,113 on the mere idea of racial difference. 929 01:05:08,238 --> 01:05:11,033 But to the extent this legislation is aimed at Negroes, 930 01:05:11,158 --> 01:05:14,202 it bases itself absolutely 931 01:05:14,328 --> 01:05:16,288 on the idea of inferiority. 932 01:05:16,413 --> 01:05:20,083 Well, Germans are already convinced that the Jews 933 01:05:20,208 --> 01:05:23,462 are an inferior race. 934 01:05:23,587 --> 01:05:25,922 German laws should reflect that. 935 01:05:26,048 --> 01:05:29,092 Precisely. 936 01:05:29,217 --> 01:05:31,928 I am of the opinion that we can proceed 937 01:05:32,054 --> 01:05:35,974 with the same primitivity as the American states. 938 01:05:36,099 --> 01:05:39,102 Such a procedure would be... 939 01:05:39,227 --> 01:05:42,522 crude legally, 940 01:05:42,648 --> 01:05:44,566 but it would suffice. 941 01:05:47,319 --> 01:05:49,237 The Nazi blueprint, 942 01:05:49,363 --> 01:05:53,075 for the extermination of millions of people, 943 01:05:53,200 --> 01:05:56,870 was directly patterned after America's enslavement 944 01:05:56,995 --> 01:05:59,956 and segregation of Black people. 945 01:06:00,082 --> 01:06:04,419 - America taught the Nazis? - Caste in America. 946 01:06:04,544 --> 01:06:09,174 In Germany, it functions the same. 947 01:06:09,299 --> 01:06:11,051 The outcomes might be different, 948 01:06:11,176 --> 01:06:12,719 like Sabine said. 949 01:06:12,844 --> 01:06:15,555 But it is the same. 950 01:06:15,681 --> 01:06:17,891 I think that the caste system in India, 951 01:06:18,016 --> 01:06:20,852 I think that there is a connection there too, 952 01:06:20,977 --> 01:06:24,731 but... the interconnectedness. 953 01:06:24,856 --> 01:06:26,274 That is my point. 954 01:06:26,400 --> 01:06:28,902 That is what I'm saying. 955 01:06:29,027 --> 01:06:29,945 Come here. 956 01:06:50,215 --> 01:06:52,342 {\an8}We proudly bestow this Ambedkar Award 957 01:06:52,467 --> 01:06:54,052 {\an8}to Dr. Suraj Yengde, 958 01:06:54,177 --> 01:06:56,930 {\an8}postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. 959 01:07:36,261 --> 01:07:39,514 Come on, win it! Come on, win it! 960 01:07:50,233 --> 01:07:53,069 Nathaniel, I know it's gonna be worth the wait. 961 01:07:53,195 --> 01:07:56,698 Give it to me. 962 01:07:56,823 --> 01:07:59,075 Carol, can you finish uncovering this one? 963 01:07:59,201 --> 01:08:00,202 I got it, baby. 964 01:08:00,327 --> 01:08:01,703 This chicken looks good. 965 01:08:05,165 --> 01:08:06,625 What? 966 01:08:06,750 --> 01:08:08,627 - Respectfully... - Yeah. 967 01:08:08,752 --> 01:08:13,215 We and everybody are just wondering about an ETA. 968 01:08:13,340 --> 01:08:15,675 The ETA is when I say it's ready, 969 01:08:15,801 --> 01:08:16,802 respectfully. 970 01:08:16,927 --> 01:08:19,805 Yes, ma'am. 971 01:08:19,930 --> 01:08:22,390 - Hi, Isabel. - Hello. 972 01:08:22,516 --> 01:08:24,309 - How you been? - I've been all right. 973 01:08:24,434 --> 01:08:25,894 Yeah, how are you holding up? 974 01:08:26,019 --> 01:08:27,395 All is well. 975 01:08:27,521 --> 01:08:28,939 How are you two? 976 01:08:29,064 --> 01:08:30,023 We're good. 977 01:08:30,148 --> 01:08:31,107 - Everything's good. - Starvin'. 978 01:08:33,068 --> 01:08:35,987 I wanted to ask if you knew one of my professors, 979 01:08:36,112 --> 01:08:37,280 Dr. Montgomery? 980 01:08:37,405 --> 01:08:40,200 I think he studies the same things you do. 981 01:08:40,325 --> 01:08:44,913 Oh, no. But I'm not keeping up like I used to, so... 982 01:08:45,038 --> 01:08:48,542 Of course. Well, he is a smart man, 983 01:08:48,667 --> 01:08:50,085 a nice older gentleman. 984 01:08:50,210 --> 01:08:51,920 I thought you might like to meet him. 985 01:08:52,045 --> 01:08:56,842 He is handsome for his age, Black. 986 01:08:56,967 --> 01:09:00,136 Why don't the two of you take this over to the Uno table? 987 01:09:00,262 --> 01:09:01,596 And tell them we startin'. 988 01:09:01,721 --> 01:09:03,682 - Okay. - Okay. 989 01:09:03,807 --> 01:09:06,685 Boy. 990 01:09:06,810 --> 01:09:08,061 They mean well. 991 01:09:08,186 --> 01:09:11,815 You know, Brett always looked forward to these. 992 01:09:11,940 --> 01:09:14,317 You and Mama were the only ones that let him in. 993 01:09:14,442 --> 01:09:15,944 Folks weren't mean. 994 01:09:16,069 --> 01:09:19,155 I know, but there was always... that. 995 01:09:19,281 --> 01:09:20,574 "When is she gonna leave him 996 01:09:20,699 --> 01:09:22,450 and find herself a good brother?" 997 01:09:22,576 --> 01:09:26,288 Now, these containers, these containers we're in. 998 01:09:26,413 --> 01:09:28,206 We, we... Maybe the... 999 01:09:28,331 --> 01:09:30,667 Maybe the label says, "Black woman." 1000 01:09:30,792 --> 01:09:32,419 Maybe the label says, "White man, or Asian." 1001 01:09:32,544 --> 01:09:34,629 Hey! Fix your face. 1002 01:09:34,754 --> 01:09:36,423 You're too young for all that. 1003 01:09:36,548 --> 01:09:38,466 You read the label and we think we know 1004 01:09:38,592 --> 01:09:40,176 what's on the inside. 1005 01:09:40,302 --> 01:09:42,721 Y'all can eat now. Mm-hmm. 1006 01:09:42,846 --> 01:09:44,598 We trust the label. 1007 01:09:44,723 --> 01:09:46,683 We put the container on the shelf. 1008 01:09:46,808 --> 01:09:48,059 And that's it. 1009 01:09:48,184 --> 01:09:50,729 That's it. 1010 01:09:50,854 --> 01:09:52,188 Who need a kiss for good luck? 1011 01:09:52,314 --> 01:09:54,357 - Me. - 'Cause that hand is trash. 1012 01:09:56,776 --> 01:09:58,737 Come on, Mama, give me some sugar. 1013 01:09:58,862 --> 01:10:00,238 There you go. Thank you, baby. 1014 01:10:00,363 --> 01:10:01,990 Okay, so now go ahead, I'm listenin'. 1015 01:10:02,115 --> 01:10:04,701 I think that's what my book is about. 1016 01:10:04,826 --> 01:10:08,663 Oh. Okay. 1017 01:10:08,788 --> 01:10:11,666 I forgot, which one is yours, which one is mine? 1018 01:10:11,791 --> 01:10:13,251 This one is mine. 1019 01:10:13,376 --> 01:10:15,086 Okay. Oh, here you go. 1020 01:10:15,211 --> 01:10:19,883 So, your book is about interracial relationships. 1021 01:10:20,008 --> 01:10:22,886 Mm, no, no. It's about... 1022 01:10:23,011 --> 01:10:24,596 it's about caste. 1023 01:10:24,721 --> 01:10:31,853 It's a phenomenon of placing one group above another group. 1024 01:10:31,978 --> 01:10:33,396 In a hierarchy. 1025 01:10:33,521 --> 01:10:36,149 And the consequences to its victims 1026 01:10:36,274 --> 01:10:40,862 and presumed beneficiaries. 1027 01:10:40,987 --> 01:10:42,572 Um... 1028 01:10:42,697 --> 01:10:44,407 One more time in English? 1029 01:10:44,532 --> 01:10:48,453 A little Pulitzer Prize-less, if you can. 1030 01:10:48,578 --> 01:10:50,747 I can! 1031 01:10:50,872 --> 01:10:53,166 Okay, well, then do it. Make it plain. 1032 01:10:53,291 --> 01:10:55,251 Because the stuff you were saying about the Nazis 1033 01:10:55,377 --> 01:10:56,878 got me all twisted around. 1034 01:10:57,003 --> 01:10:58,797 How is that in the same book about Brett? 1035 01:10:58,922 --> 01:11:01,341 I don't get it. 1036 01:11:01,466 --> 01:11:04,636 Do you think slavery was a system 1037 01:11:04,761 --> 01:11:07,180 of terrorism and torture 1038 01:11:07,305 --> 01:11:10,475 that the Europeans used to profit off the labour 1039 01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:14,104 of Black people who they considered inferior? 1040 01:11:14,229 --> 01:11:16,564 Yeah. Hell yes, it was. 1041 01:11:16,690 --> 01:11:18,483 - No. - Don't shake your head, it was! 1042 01:11:18,608 --> 01:11:20,193 No, they made it all up. 1043 01:11:20,318 --> 01:11:22,112 Your girl Toni Morrison said, 1044 01:11:22,237 --> 01:11:25,740 "Why would you give your child to be nursed and raised 1045 01:11:25,865 --> 01:11:27,659 by people who you think aren't human, 1046 01:11:27,784 --> 01:11:29,160 who are animals?" 1047 01:11:29,285 --> 01:11:32,247 - Yes, Toni. - Yes, Toni. 1048 01:11:32,372 --> 01:11:34,916 It was all lies. They knew we weren't inferior, 1049 01:11:35,041 --> 01:11:38,128 but they magnified, they magnified the myths. 1050 01:11:38,253 --> 01:11:41,673 They codify them, set them in stone, 1051 01:11:41,798 --> 01:11:45,552 in systems, in our laws, 1052 01:11:45,677 --> 01:11:49,723 in our healthcare, in where we live, how we learned, 1053 01:11:49,848 --> 01:11:54,894 the kind of work that we do, even our food. 1054 01:11:55,020 --> 01:11:57,772 - Racism at its finest. - Mm-hmm. 1055 01:11:57,897 --> 01:12:00,483 No, it's caste. 1056 01:12:00,608 --> 01:12:03,403 Everything you just said was racist. 1057 01:12:03,528 --> 01:12:05,113 Okay. Well, if it's racist, 1058 01:12:05,238 --> 01:12:08,533 then why is the same thing happening in India? 1059 01:12:08,658 --> 01:12:11,619 They're all brown. They're all Indian. 1060 01:12:11,745 --> 01:12:15,665 Marion, right now to this day, 1061 01:12:15,790 --> 01:12:18,084 there is a system in India 1062 01:12:18,209 --> 01:12:22,047 where generations of people are forced to clean sewers 1063 01:12:22,172 --> 01:12:25,216 with their hands, 1064 01:12:25,341 --> 01:12:28,762 their shit, with their hands. 1065 01:12:28,887 --> 01:12:31,222 They are beneath the lowest of the hierarchy. 1066 01:12:31,347 --> 01:12:33,600 They're called Dalits. 1067 01:12:33,725 --> 01:12:38,146 At one point, they were forced to tie brooms 1068 01:12:38,271 --> 01:12:39,689 around their waists because 1069 01:12:39,814 --> 01:12:42,984 their shadows were supposedly polluted. 1070 01:12:43,109 --> 01:12:44,944 - Hmm. - Their shadows. 1071 01:12:45,070 --> 01:12:48,406 They had to sweep behind themselves 1072 01:12:48,531 --> 01:12:50,658 when they walked. 1073 01:12:50,784 --> 01:12:54,621 How is it racist if they're all the same race? 1074 01:12:54,746 --> 01:12:58,708 Okay, do you think that Jews are white? 1075 01:12:58,833 --> 01:13:00,418 Definitely. 1076 01:13:00,543 --> 01:13:01,920 The majority are. 1077 01:13:02,045 --> 01:13:05,048 But the same thing happened to Jews in Germany 1078 01:13:05,173 --> 01:13:06,716 during the Holocaust. 1079 01:13:06,841 --> 01:13:10,178 The Nazis wanted to create an all-white republic, 1080 01:13:10,303 --> 01:13:12,472 but they hated, they hated the Jews. 1081 01:13:12,597 --> 01:13:15,683 So, they said, "How do we make the Jews not white?" 1082 01:13:15,809 --> 01:13:19,312 So, they put them at the bottom of the hierarchy. 1083 01:13:19,437 --> 01:13:20,939 They said that they were greedy. 1084 01:13:21,064 --> 01:13:22,482 They said that they were dishonest. 1085 01:13:22,607 --> 01:13:26,236 They blamed them for Germany losing the First World War. 1086 01:13:26,361 --> 01:13:27,946 They blamed them for everything bad 1087 01:13:28,071 --> 01:13:29,447 that happened in Germany. 1088 01:13:29,572 --> 01:13:30,865 They were dogs. 1089 01:13:30,990 --> 01:13:34,786 "Kill them. Gas them, wipe them out." 1090 01:13:34,911 --> 01:13:39,791 The Jews and the Nazis were the same colour. 1091 01:13:39,916 --> 01:13:42,710 We have to consider oppression in a way 1092 01:13:42,836 --> 01:13:45,213 that does not centralize race. 1093 01:13:45,338 --> 01:13:49,342 We do it here in America, yes, because racism is all we know. 1094 01:13:49,467 --> 01:13:51,636 But these containers, 1095 01:13:51,761 --> 01:13:55,098 the Dalits in India, Jewish people in Germany, 1096 01:13:55,223 --> 01:13:56,724 Black folks in America, 1097 01:13:56,850 --> 01:13:59,978 all these containers have something in common. 1098 01:14:00,103 --> 01:14:03,106 Race is not one of them. 1099 01:14:03,231 --> 01:14:04,357 It's caste. 1100 01:14:12,282 --> 01:14:15,410 Only took you 10 minutes for that comeback. 1101 01:14:17,704 --> 01:14:21,583 Figure out how to say more of what you just said, 1102 01:14:21,708 --> 01:14:23,459 make it plain. 1103 01:14:23,585 --> 01:14:26,754 Talk to real people like you just did to me. 1104 01:14:26,880 --> 01:14:28,715 Real people. 1105 01:14:28,840 --> 01:14:30,550 Real things. 1106 01:14:34,095 --> 01:14:35,388 You know, we met in college. 1107 01:14:35,513 --> 01:14:37,056 So, one time, she comes up and saying, 1108 01:14:37,182 --> 01:14:38,516 -"Can I borrow a pen?" 1109 01:14:38,641 --> 01:14:40,810 You are... nigga! That is not true! 1110 01:14:40,935 --> 01:14:42,645 And he didn't know the day of the final. 1111 01:14:42,770 --> 01:14:44,898 So he's like, "I've seen you in my class..." 1112 01:14:45,023 --> 01:14:46,274 And I'm just going... 1113 01:14:46,399 --> 01:14:48,026 "Do you know exactly what the day of the..." 1114 01:14:48,151 --> 01:14:50,111 And... see. I think you were trying to get to me. 1115 01:14:50,236 --> 01:14:51,863 - Let me let you in on a secret. - Mmm. 1116 01:14:51,988 --> 01:14:53,364 - Okay. - I knew when the final was. 1117 01:14:56,409 --> 01:14:57,410 - That's my baby. - Night, night. 1118 01:14:57,535 --> 01:14:59,078 Night, night. Sweet dreams. 1119 01:14:59,204 --> 01:15:00,622 Isabel. 1120 01:15:00,747 --> 01:15:02,749 Come by more often, will ya? 1121 01:15:02,874 --> 01:15:05,335 We seem to only get the lasagna when you around here. 1122 01:15:07,128 --> 01:15:09,214 I'm hearing that she's stingy with the lasagna. 1123 01:15:09,339 --> 01:15:10,632 I don't know what it is. 1124 01:15:10,757 --> 01:15:13,593 Stop, you are lying too close to Sunday, come on. 1125 01:15:15,511 --> 01:15:16,846 - Love you. - It was good seeing you. 1126 01:15:16,971 --> 01:15:18,932 - Good night. - Good night. Good to see you, too. 1127 01:15:19,057 --> 01:15:21,351 Make sure they bathe. With water, real water. 1128 01:15:21,476 --> 01:15:22,810 Yes, ma'am. 1129 01:15:22,936 --> 01:15:25,730 - And a washcloth. - I'll do my best, baby. 1130 01:15:25,855 --> 01:15:27,941 Shit, do I... What... Do I just... 1131 01:15:28,066 --> 01:15:29,943 Do I talk slow? What do I... 1132 01:15:30,068 --> 01:15:35,573 Okay, so I was in 10th grade, and we had just moved to Texas, 1133 01:15:35,698 --> 01:15:38,660 and my friend and I had this... these walkie-talkies. 1134 01:15:38,785 --> 01:15:40,912 Which, you know, we'd be using between classes, 1135 01:15:41,037 --> 01:15:42,664 to talk or whatever. 1136 01:15:42,789 --> 01:15:44,624 - And this was pre-cell phone, of course. - Right. 1137 01:15:44,749 --> 01:15:46,584 - Right. - Late 80s. 1138 01:15:46,709 --> 01:15:50,421 And... the principal called me to his office, 1139 01:15:50,546 --> 01:15:51,839 he was all suspicious. 1140 01:15:51,965 --> 01:15:53,633 Because he wanted to know why all these people 1141 01:15:53,758 --> 01:15:54,926 were gathered around my locker. 1142 01:15:55,051 --> 01:15:58,721 So I showed him the walkie-talkie. 1143 01:15:58,846 --> 01:16:00,682 And he asked my name. 1144 01:16:00,807 --> 01:16:05,311 And I said, "Miss Hale." 1145 01:16:05,436 --> 01:16:06,729 And he said, 1146 01:16:06,854 --> 01:16:09,440 "What is your first name?" 1147 01:16:09,565 --> 01:16:11,943 "It's Miss." 1148 01:16:12,068 --> 01:16:16,281 I said, "What is your first name?" 1149 01:16:16,406 --> 01:16:19,450 "My name's Miss." 1150 01:16:19,575 --> 01:16:22,495 He's, "I don't have time for all this foolishness, gal. 1151 01:16:22,620 --> 01:16:25,832 What is your real name?" 1152 01:16:25,957 --> 01:16:29,377 I've... I've repeated my damn name four times. 1153 01:16:29,502 --> 01:16:32,380 That's a direct defiance of caste. 1154 01:16:32,505 --> 01:16:34,048 The most personal I've heard yet. 1155 01:16:34,173 --> 01:16:35,466 Can you imagine that? 1156 01:16:35,591 --> 01:16:37,218 A young Black man plotting 1157 01:16:37,343 --> 01:16:40,888 to force the respect of white people. 1158 01:16:41,014 --> 01:16:44,642 Your father tore a loophole through the hierarchy. 1159 01:16:44,767 --> 01:16:46,185 It's brilliant. 1160 01:16:46,311 --> 01:16:48,396 Brilliant. Go on, go on. 1161 01:16:48,521 --> 01:16:51,899 So the principal was furious. 1162 01:16:52,025 --> 01:16:55,028 So he tells his secretary to check my records, 1163 01:16:55,153 --> 01:16:58,614 and, of course, they confirm that my legal name 1164 01:16:58,740 --> 01:17:01,326 is Miss Hale. 1165 01:17:01,451 --> 01:17:04,579 So he says to me, 1166 01:17:04,704 --> 01:17:08,291 "Hale. I don't know any Hales. 1167 01:17:08,416 --> 01:17:09,709 You not from around here. 1168 01:17:09,834 --> 01:17:12,420 Where's your father from?" 1169 01:17:12,545 --> 01:17:16,090 And I said, "He's from Alabama." 1170 01:17:16,215 --> 01:17:17,425 And he said, 1171 01:17:17,550 --> 01:17:20,053 "I knew you weren't from around here. 1172 01:17:20,178 --> 01:17:21,929 You know how I knew? 1173 01:17:22,055 --> 01:17:24,724 And I said, "No." 1174 01:17:24,849 --> 01:17:29,228 And he said, real cold... 1175 01:17:29,354 --> 01:17:32,315 "'Cause you looking me in the eye. 1176 01:17:32,440 --> 01:17:35,068 Coloured folk around here know better." 1177 01:17:40,823 --> 01:17:44,369 I was... 1178 01:17:44,494 --> 01:17:45,995 I was scared. 1179 01:17:49,248 --> 01:17:52,794 - You know, I was a kid. - Yeah. 1180 01:17:52,919 --> 01:17:54,545 I had never felt... 1181 01:17:57,173 --> 01:17:59,050 that... 1182 01:17:59,175 --> 01:18:02,470 that cold glare. 1183 01:18:02,595 --> 01:18:05,431 You know, he was lookin' me right in the eyes, 1184 01:18:05,556 --> 01:18:10,019 demanding that I not look him in the eyes. 1185 01:18:22,365 --> 01:18:23,366 You know, my... 1186 01:18:27,662 --> 01:18:29,038 You know, Daddy would... 1187 01:18:31,874 --> 01:18:34,085 It's okay. It's okay. 1188 01:18:38,673 --> 01:18:42,593 Daddy tell me again and again, 1189 01:18:42,718 --> 01:18:45,721 "Always live up to your name." 1190 01:18:50,184 --> 01:18:51,644 He said, "Miss... 1191 01:18:57,024 --> 01:19:01,070 They don't have the corner on humanity. 1192 01:19:01,195 --> 01:19:04,198 They don't have the corner on femininity. 1193 01:19:04,323 --> 01:19:06,742 They don't have the corner on what it means 1194 01:19:06,868 --> 01:19:10,788 to be a whole, noble, honourable person." 1195 01:19:19,589 --> 01:19:20,882 Far from it. 1196 01:19:30,725 --> 01:19:31,976 Thank you. 1197 01:19:45,907 --> 01:19:46,949 You okay? 1198 01:19:58,961 --> 01:20:00,922 Most relationships end. 1199 01:20:01,047 --> 01:20:03,174 Friendships, romances. 1200 01:20:03,299 --> 01:20:08,137 Divorces. I mean, separations, people grow apart. 1201 01:20:08,262 --> 01:20:09,514 They break. 1202 01:20:16,437 --> 01:20:18,022 But we didn't break. 1203 01:20:48,678 --> 01:20:51,055 We fought that night. 1204 01:20:53,349 --> 01:20:56,727 It was about something so silly, Miss. 1205 01:21:00,731 --> 01:21:03,442 I should have spent more time with her. 1206 01:21:03,568 --> 01:21:04,986 Daddy would want me to fix this. 1207 01:21:05,111 --> 01:21:07,947 For Christ's sake, would you stop, Isabel? 1208 01:21:08,072 --> 01:21:10,283 Just stop. 1209 01:21:10,408 --> 01:21:12,493 It's her idea, she made a choice, 1210 01:21:12,618 --> 01:21:14,495 she's a grown woman, let her make it. 1211 01:21:14,620 --> 01:21:16,539 It's like you hide behind this thing with your mother. 1212 01:21:16,664 --> 01:21:18,249 - Hiding? - I just don't get it. 1213 01:21:18,374 --> 01:21:20,376 - Hide? I'm not hiding. - Hiding. You're hiding. 1214 01:21:20,501 --> 01:21:23,588 I'm not hiding. 1215 01:21:23,713 --> 01:21:25,131 So silly. 1216 01:21:27,925 --> 01:21:30,136 And then... 1217 01:21:30,261 --> 01:21:33,472 he offered me some pasta... 1218 01:21:33,598 --> 01:21:35,349 to apologize. 1219 01:21:45,568 --> 01:21:47,445 You want some of that pasta? 1220 01:21:51,699 --> 01:21:53,326 - Save me some. - Okay. 1221 01:22:00,625 --> 01:22:02,168 And then that was it. 1222 01:22:07,256 --> 01:22:08,466 But we didn't break. 1223 01:22:11,010 --> 01:22:13,804 We did not break. 1224 01:22:13,929 --> 01:22:16,557 We were together. 1225 01:22:16,682 --> 01:22:17,725 Til' the end. 1226 01:22:20,269 --> 01:22:23,189 He should be here, Miss. 1227 01:22:23,314 --> 01:22:26,233 He should be here. 1228 01:22:51,801 --> 01:22:54,762 And the one person... 1229 01:22:54,887 --> 01:22:56,097 that I could talk to about... 1230 01:22:58,808 --> 01:23:00,309 she's gone, too. 1231 01:23:12,238 --> 01:23:14,699 What the hell am I supposed to do now? 1232 01:23:18,411 --> 01:23:19,453 Come, come, come. 1233 01:23:19,578 --> 01:23:21,372 - You're okay. 1234 01:23:25,668 --> 01:23:27,420 I just wanna scream, 1235 01:23:27,545 --> 01:23:29,380 I just wanna scream, I just wanna scream. 1236 01:23:29,505 --> 01:23:33,592 Then scream. Then scream. 1237 01:23:33,718 --> 01:23:35,010 Scream. 1238 01:23:44,895 --> 01:23:48,441 Roomy. Fantastic light. 1239 01:23:48,566 --> 01:23:50,192 Will you update or sell as original? 1240 01:23:52,486 --> 01:23:55,406 I was thinking a fresh coat of paint. 1241 01:23:55,531 --> 01:23:57,032 Vintage it is. 1242 01:23:57,158 --> 01:23:58,576 Yeah. 1243 01:24:10,087 --> 01:24:12,006 There might be water damage there. 1244 01:24:14,341 --> 01:24:17,052 Yes, with everything going on, I just... 1245 01:24:17,178 --> 01:24:18,679 I just basically locked up the house, 1246 01:24:18,804 --> 01:24:20,306 I have to deal with it. 1247 01:24:20,431 --> 01:24:22,475 It's a process. 1248 01:24:22,600 --> 01:24:25,436 Isn't everything? 1249 01:24:25,561 --> 01:24:28,105 So what is the price difference 1250 01:24:28,230 --> 01:24:30,858 between fixing it up and selling it as is? 1251 01:24:30,983 --> 01:24:33,486 - As is? - Yeah. 1252 01:24:33,611 --> 01:24:36,781 You're basically giving this little jewel away. 1253 01:24:36,906 --> 01:24:39,241 The area's hot right now with hipsters. 1254 01:24:39,366 --> 01:24:40,951 And these older homes, when they're fixed up, 1255 01:24:41,076 --> 01:24:43,037 can sometimes double in value. 1256 01:24:43,162 --> 01:24:45,748 If you can put a few thousand towards getting it fixed, 1257 01:24:45,873 --> 01:24:48,125 you would have a competitive situation on your hands 1258 01:24:48,250 --> 01:24:50,002 with multiple bidders. 1259 01:24:54,006 --> 01:24:55,883 You write books, right? 1260 01:24:56,008 --> 01:24:58,219 A book. 1261 01:24:58,344 --> 01:25:01,347 I'm writing another one, but... 1262 01:25:01,472 --> 01:25:05,309 books don't pay as much as people think. 1263 01:25:05,434 --> 01:25:07,478 I get it. 1264 01:25:07,603 --> 01:25:10,022 Sell as a fixer and don't even worry about it. 1265 01:25:10,147 --> 01:25:12,566 Let someone else do the work. 1266 01:25:12,691 --> 01:25:14,610 So let's discuss the contract. 1267 01:25:14,735 --> 01:25:16,362 Once the property is clear, we'll go ahead 1268 01:25:16,487 --> 01:25:18,489 and do an open house, that way, people can come in 1269 01:25:18,614 --> 01:25:20,825 and view the property and see what they're willing to offer. 1270 01:25:20,950 --> 01:25:23,244 Like I said, we'll get multiple bidders... 1271 01:25:25,538 --> 01:25:27,373 - Who is that? - What? 1272 01:25:27,498 --> 01:25:29,375 They didn't wanna get in trouble. 1273 01:25:32,336 --> 01:25:34,505 Stop. 1274 01:25:34,630 --> 01:25:36,674 She sucked her thumb and peed in the bed 1275 01:25:36,799 --> 01:25:38,759 'til she was 20 years old. 1276 01:25:38,884 --> 01:25:43,430 I'm not... I'm just... Stop. 1277 01:25:43,556 --> 01:25:46,016 So cute. So cute. 1278 01:25:46,141 --> 01:25:48,394 - Mm, mm, mm. 1279 01:25:48,519 --> 01:25:51,605 Look at Mama. 1280 01:25:51,730 --> 01:25:52,648 So cute. 1281 01:25:52,773 --> 01:25:55,317 - So fine. - Yeah. 1282 01:25:55,442 --> 01:25:56,986 How much is it? 1283 01:25:57,111 --> 01:25:58,863 Eh... 1284 01:25:58,988 --> 01:26:02,825 All four estimates are over $10,000. 1285 01:26:02,950 --> 01:26:05,077 - Damn. - Yeah. 1286 01:26:07,454 --> 01:26:09,373 You can't sell the roofless house. 1287 01:26:09,498 --> 01:26:12,918 Well, we'll have to wait til' I get back. 1288 01:26:13,043 --> 01:26:16,672 - You leave when again? - Next month. 1289 01:26:16,797 --> 01:26:19,133 I have so much research to do here, 1290 01:26:19,258 --> 01:26:22,678 and I have to start a new draft soon. 1291 01:26:22,803 --> 01:26:24,638 Do you even know anybody in India? 1292 01:26:24,763 --> 01:26:27,099 Marion, here's Uncle. 1293 01:26:27,224 --> 01:26:29,310 That's the point of travellin'. 1294 01:26:29,435 --> 01:26:31,478 Meeting new people. 1295 01:26:31,604 --> 01:26:34,648 Travelling to places where you are warmly welcomed 1296 01:26:34,773 --> 01:26:39,069 by familiar faces is underrated. 1297 01:26:39,194 --> 01:26:42,531 Well, I might have found an Indian professor 1298 01:26:42,656 --> 01:26:44,617 - who can help me navigate. 1299 01:26:44,742 --> 01:26:48,078 "Might"? 1300 01:26:48,203 --> 01:26:50,122 No, no "might." 1301 01:28:27,428 --> 01:28:29,138 Here you are. 1302 01:28:29,263 --> 01:28:30,389 No, no, no. 1303 01:28:41,150 --> 01:28:44,236 - Thank you. - Thank you, Madam. 1304 01:29:11,096 --> 01:29:13,766 Okay, good. Oh, good. 1305 01:30:09,029 --> 01:30:10,989 Isabel! Isabel! 1306 01:30:11,115 --> 01:30:15,285 Suraj! 1307 01:30:15,410 --> 01:30:16,870 - So good to see you. - Hello, hello. 1308 01:30:16,995 --> 01:30:19,248 Allow me to introduce my esteemed friend... 1309 01:30:19,373 --> 01:30:21,041 - Yes. - ...Professor Ram Kamli. 1310 01:30:21,166 --> 01:30:23,085 - The pleasure is mine. - Thank you, thank you. 1311 01:30:23,210 --> 01:30:25,796 You know what we're gonna do? We're gonna go straight. 1312 01:30:25,921 --> 01:30:27,381 We're gonna walk right there. 1313 01:30:27,506 --> 01:30:29,174 - That's where we gotta go. - We're doing that? 1314 01:30:29,299 --> 01:30:30,217 We're gonna do that. 1315 01:30:30,342 --> 01:30:32,386 - You're excited? - Yes, I am. 1316 01:30:32,511 --> 01:30:35,264 Welcome to India, Isabel. It's so good to have you. 1317 01:30:35,389 --> 01:30:36,598 I'm happy to be here. 1318 01:30:36,723 --> 01:30:38,350 There are signals on all the corners. 1319 01:30:38,475 --> 01:30:40,811 And this is one of the... This is not four-way. 1320 01:30:40,936 --> 01:30:42,521 - This is five-way. - Five-way. 1321 01:30:42,646 --> 01:30:45,274 And if you add a person like me, 1322 01:30:45,399 --> 01:30:46,900 I make my own way. 1323 01:30:47,025 --> 01:30:50,863 - So, it's like six-way. - Six-way? 1324 01:30:50,988 --> 01:30:52,865 Oh my... 1325 01:31:00,914 --> 01:31:02,457 A beautiful market. 1326 01:31:22,519 --> 01:31:24,229 - I like this one. - You like this one? 1327 01:31:26,356 --> 01:31:27,983 She would like this. 1328 01:31:38,202 --> 01:31:41,121 - It's for my cousin. - That look gorgeous. 1329 01:31:41,246 --> 01:31:43,081 Thank you. 1330 01:31:43,207 --> 01:31:45,250 Why is the statue caged? 1331 01:31:45,375 --> 01:31:47,502 Ah. Quite observant. 1332 01:31:47,628 --> 01:31:50,339 He's Babasaheb, the leader of Dalits. 1333 01:31:50,464 --> 01:31:55,093 Isabel, he's Dr. Ambedkar! 1334 01:31:55,219 --> 01:31:57,804 This is the time when he had just completed 1335 01:31:57,930 --> 01:32:00,515 the task of drafting India's constitution. 1336 01:32:00,641 --> 01:32:03,393 There, he's holding it and standing tall. 1337 01:32:03,518 --> 01:32:07,064 You will find these statues all across the country. 1338 01:32:07,189 --> 01:32:10,275 From a busier street, square, parks, 1339 01:32:10,400 --> 01:32:12,361 railway stations, bus stations. 1340 01:32:12,486 --> 01:32:15,614 Even in people's private properties. 1341 01:32:15,739 --> 01:32:20,869 Him standing is an affirmation of our existence. 1342 01:32:20,994 --> 01:32:24,331 To us, he is revered. 1343 01:32:24,456 --> 01:32:27,251 To others, they revile him. 1344 01:32:27,376 --> 01:32:30,837 Dr. Ambedkar statues are one of the most vandalized 1345 01:32:30,963 --> 01:32:32,965 in the country. 1346 01:32:33,090 --> 01:32:36,093 The cage is to keep the vandals away. 1347 01:32:41,598 --> 01:32:44,518 Dr. Ambedkar is more than a champion 1348 01:32:44,643 --> 01:32:47,312 and a hero to the Dalit people. 1349 01:32:47,437 --> 01:32:50,941 He's the hope that lives within us. 1350 01:32:51,066 --> 01:32:52,985 He went to the heart of the problem of caste, 1351 01:32:53,110 --> 01:32:55,320 and he thought purity was lying 1352 01:32:55,445 --> 01:32:59,408 - beneath the artifice of caste... - Mm-hmm. 1353 01:32:59,533 --> 01:33:03,662 And where the human population was chopped 1354 01:33:03,787 --> 01:33:07,416 into what he called "fixed and definite units." 1355 01:33:07,541 --> 01:33:09,960 In America, you have what you call 1356 01:33:10,085 --> 01:33:13,005 the Blacks, the Browns, the Asian, the Whites, and etc. 1357 01:33:13,130 --> 01:33:15,215 Similarly, we have in India, 1358 01:33:15,340 --> 01:33:18,260 where the Dalits are supposed to be at the bottom 1359 01:33:18,385 --> 01:33:19,928 - and the Brahmins at the top. - Mm-hmm. 1360 01:33:20,053 --> 01:33:23,849 And between, there are various units of caste. 1361 01:33:23,974 --> 01:33:28,770 What maintains this unit into continuing of caste system 1362 01:33:28,895 --> 01:33:32,691 is unending violence in the form of rape, 1363 01:33:32,816 --> 01:33:35,402 mutilation and murder. 1364 01:33:35,527 --> 01:33:40,365 In India, a Dalit person is attacked every 15 minutes. 1365 01:33:40,490 --> 01:33:43,327 Every day, 10 Dalit women are raped, 1366 01:33:43,452 --> 01:33:47,581 and these are only the reported cases. 1367 01:33:47,706 --> 01:33:50,584 Rohith Vemula's friends, family and the wider Dalit Movement 1368 01:33:50,709 --> 01:33:53,003 called it an institutional murder. 1369 01:33:53,128 --> 01:33:54,838 And they called it this because it was not 1370 01:33:54,963 --> 01:33:56,548 simply a case of suicide. 1371 01:33:56,673 --> 01:33:58,508 They said that this was an institution 1372 01:33:58,633 --> 01:34:00,510 that was systematically discriminating 1373 01:34:00,635 --> 01:34:01,803 against a young Dalit student. 1374 01:34:01,928 --> 01:34:04,264 And this was important because for a lot of us, 1375 01:34:04,389 --> 01:34:06,475 as young folks who were looking 1376 01:34:06,600 --> 01:34:08,101 for a life of dignity and respect, 1377 01:34:08,226 --> 01:34:10,312 and were looking to education 1378 01:34:10,437 --> 01:34:12,064 and the university to give us that life, 1379 01:34:12,189 --> 01:34:16,485 it showed that the spectre of caste was still haunting us. 1380 01:34:16,610 --> 01:34:20,197 In a world where Dalit people are brutalized, 1381 01:34:20,322 --> 01:34:23,283 simply to keep us in our place, 1382 01:34:23,408 --> 01:34:26,578 Dr. Ambedkar remains our shining light. 1383 01:34:26,703 --> 01:34:31,291 Our guardian, our hero, our father. 1384 01:34:31,416 --> 01:34:33,585 The site of Dr. Ambedkar's last home. 1385 01:34:33,710 --> 01:34:36,088 - It's a museum now. - Ah. 1386 01:34:36,213 --> 01:34:37,881 Quite magnificent. 1387 01:34:38,006 --> 01:34:40,759 As you can see, it's an open-book concept. 1388 01:34:44,429 --> 01:34:47,307 While he is a giant among Dalits, 1389 01:34:47,432 --> 01:34:52,604 the world has failed to acknowledge his genius. 1390 01:34:52,729 --> 01:34:56,066 Dr. Ambedkar was separated from the kids of high caste 1391 01:34:56,191 --> 01:34:58,026 so as not to pollute them. 1392 01:35:03,532 --> 01:35:06,910 As a child, young Bhimrao Ambedkar 1393 01:35:07,035 --> 01:35:09,621 was not allowed to touch many of the things 1394 01:35:09,746 --> 01:35:12,332 his classmates would touch. 1395 01:35:15,252 --> 01:35:18,338 He was not even allowed to touch water at the school. 1396 01:35:18,463 --> 01:35:20,465 This is because he was considered 1397 01:35:20,590 --> 01:35:22,134 an "untouchable." 1398 01:35:25,095 --> 01:35:29,933 That was the term used for Dalits at the time. 1399 01:35:31,810 --> 01:35:35,021 Young Ambedkar was not allowed to touch or sit 1400 01:35:35,147 --> 01:35:37,399 at a desk during class. 1401 01:35:53,540 --> 01:35:56,293 But he persevered. 1402 01:35:56,418 --> 01:35:59,212 He continued to study and break barriers. 1403 01:36:02,757 --> 01:36:06,219 Dr. Ambedkar earned two PhDs. 1404 01:36:06,344 --> 01:36:09,014 One at Columbia University, 1405 01:36:09,139 --> 01:36:14,144 and the other at the London School of Economics. 1406 01:36:14,269 --> 01:36:20,484 After obtaining his PhDs and passing the bar, 1407 01:36:20,609 --> 01:36:26,865 Dr. Ambedkar returned to India as a heralded scholar. 1408 01:36:26,990 --> 01:36:28,783 We have been carrying on with untouchability 1409 01:36:28,909 --> 01:36:30,452 for the last 2,000 years. 1410 01:36:30,577 --> 01:36:32,412 Nobody has bothered about it. 1411 01:36:32,537 --> 01:36:37,042 You see? Yes, there are some... some disabilities. 1412 01:36:37,167 --> 01:36:39,002 We are very harmful. 1413 01:36:39,127 --> 01:36:40,879 Apparently, people can't take water. 1414 01:36:41,004 --> 01:36:43,924 People can't have land, you see, 1415 01:36:44,049 --> 01:36:46,843 to cultivate and earn their livelihood. 1416 01:36:49,304 --> 01:36:54,434 There is an insistence on conflating caste with race. 1417 01:36:54,559 --> 01:36:56,228 - Oh, yeah. - If I brought you 1418 01:36:56,353 --> 01:36:58,813 to the family reunion, what would you say? 1419 01:36:58,939 --> 01:37:00,065 What would you say to them? 1420 01:37:00,190 --> 01:37:03,985 My cousin Marion. My... my mother. 1421 01:37:07,864 --> 01:37:09,699 What would you say to them 1422 01:37:09,824 --> 01:37:13,954 that's important for them to know... 1423 01:37:14,079 --> 01:37:17,374 about you, about India, 1424 01:37:17,499 --> 01:37:23,129 about caste and our connection? 1425 01:37:23,255 --> 01:37:24,839 Our heroes found the connection. 1426 01:37:24,965 --> 01:37:27,300 And it is up to us to find it again, 1427 01:37:27,425 --> 01:37:31,888 and build upon it in sibling solidarity. 1428 01:37:32,013 --> 01:37:36,017 When Bhimrao Ambedkar was a young Indian graduate student, 1429 01:37:36,142 --> 01:37:38,770 he found himself in New York City. 1430 01:37:38,895 --> 01:37:42,190 Harlem, to be exact. 1431 01:37:42,315 --> 01:37:46,278 He saw kindred spirits among Black people in America. 1432 01:37:46,403 --> 01:37:48,405 Both in the oppression they faced 1433 01:37:48,530 --> 01:37:51,533 and in their survival. 1434 01:37:54,077 --> 01:37:56,246 He immediately recognized the similarities 1435 01:37:56,371 --> 01:37:59,457 between how African Americans were treated 1436 01:37:59,583 --> 01:38:01,876 and the treatment of Dalits. 1437 01:38:05,338 --> 01:38:07,299 Asha, you've been doing some work on this right? 1438 01:38:07,424 --> 01:38:11,845 Yes, my thesis centred on Dr. King's visit to India. 1439 01:38:11,970 --> 01:38:14,931 He saw many of these things first time, 1440 01:38:15,056 --> 01:38:18,143 while he and his wife toured the country. 1441 01:38:18,268 --> 01:38:21,187 I found the way in which he wrote about India 1442 01:38:21,313 --> 01:38:24,316 to be fascinating as someone afflicted by caste 1443 01:38:24,441 --> 01:38:26,693 in their own country. 1444 01:38:26,818 --> 01:38:30,030 I used his essay in the magazine of United States 1445 01:38:30,155 --> 01:38:35,452 as the core of my research. Uh, do you know Ebony Magazine? 1446 01:38:35,577 --> 01:38:37,078 Yes. 1447 01:38:37,203 --> 01:38:38,580 Yes, I know Ebony Magazine. 1448 01:38:38,705 --> 01:38:41,583 Dr. King wrote about India in Ebony? 1449 01:38:41,708 --> 01:38:43,001 Yes. 1450 01:38:43,126 --> 01:38:44,502 July 1959. 1451 01:38:44,628 --> 01:38:48,256 It is quite extraordinary. 1452 01:38:48,381 --> 01:38:51,968 And so, there is a connection between us. 1453 01:38:52,093 --> 01:38:54,596 The African Americans, the Dalits, 1454 01:38:54,721 --> 01:38:56,931 the indigenous people around the world, 1455 01:38:57,057 --> 01:39:00,393 the Palestinian people, the Roma people, Buraku people. 1456 01:39:00,518 --> 01:39:02,395 - Yes. - The outcasts of Africa 1457 01:39:02,520 --> 01:39:03,897 are still fighting for their rights. 1458 01:39:04,022 --> 01:39:06,066 Be it Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal. 1459 01:39:06,191 --> 01:39:09,277 You go to Latin America, you find outcasts 1460 01:39:09,402 --> 01:39:13,031 within the Mexican society or Brazilian society. 1461 01:39:13,156 --> 01:39:14,991 And if we think about our histories 1462 01:39:15,116 --> 01:39:17,577 through the wonderful ability of love, 1463 01:39:17,702 --> 01:39:21,915 the symbols of hate and diets of violence 1464 01:39:22,040 --> 01:39:27,921 will be replaced by compassion, care and solidarity. 1465 01:39:28,046 --> 01:39:32,217 This is the world that we have to imagine 1466 01:39:32,342 --> 01:39:35,261 for ourselves and for others 1467 01:39:35,387 --> 01:39:38,306 who have not yet seen the beauty 1468 01:39:38,431 --> 01:39:40,475 that human beings have to offer. 1469 01:39:44,062 --> 01:39:46,523 One afternoon, I went down to speak 1470 01:39:46,648 --> 01:39:49,192 in the southern part of India, 1471 01:39:49,317 --> 01:39:53,738 and I remember that afternoon that the principal got up 1472 01:39:53,863 --> 01:39:55,782 to introduce me. 1473 01:39:55,907 --> 01:39:59,160 He said, "I would like to present to you 1474 01:39:59,285 --> 01:40:01,329 a fellow untouchable 1475 01:40:01,454 --> 01:40:03,581 from the United States of America." 1476 01:40:03,707 --> 01:40:06,543 And for the moment, I was peeved. I was shocked 1477 01:40:06,668 --> 01:40:10,213 that I would be introduced as an untouchable. 1478 01:40:10,338 --> 01:40:15,760 Pretty soon, my mind ran back across to America. 1479 01:40:15,885 --> 01:40:20,181 And I had to say to myself, I am an untouchable. 1480 01:40:20,306 --> 01:40:23,309 And segregation is evil and sinful 1481 01:40:23,435 --> 01:40:26,312 because it stigmatizes 1482 01:40:26,438 --> 01:40:28,982 the segregated as an untouchable 1483 01:40:29,107 --> 01:40:31,443 in a caste system. 1484 01:40:31,568 --> 01:40:34,320 And this is why I'm convinced 1485 01:40:34,446 --> 01:40:38,908 that we have the moral edict, 1486 01:40:39,033 --> 01:40:40,869 a moral mandate, 1487 01:40:40,994 --> 01:40:47,333 to work to get rid of this unjust and evil system. 1488 01:41:32,295 --> 01:41:36,174 I'll put the phone near her. 1489 01:41:36,299 --> 01:41:37,550 Okay. 1490 01:41:45,016 --> 01:41:46,059 Baby. 1491 01:41:50,939 --> 01:41:53,566 - You're on speaker. Um... 1492 01:41:53,691 --> 01:41:56,694 She's... 1493 01:41:56,820 --> 01:41:58,613 She hasn't been responding to folks. 1494 01:42:02,450 --> 01:42:03,660 I understand. 1495 01:42:10,208 --> 01:42:12,210 Marion. 1496 01:42:12,335 --> 01:42:13,711 It's Isabel. 1497 01:42:16,923 --> 01:42:18,424 Hi, Cousin. 1498 01:42:22,345 --> 01:42:24,180 I called to say goodbye. 1499 01:42:28,309 --> 01:42:32,230 I believe you can hear me. 1500 01:42:32,355 --> 01:42:34,232 You mean so much to me. 1501 01:42:38,820 --> 01:42:43,074 I remember everything you have ever said to me. 1502 01:42:43,199 --> 01:42:46,536 From the time that we were kids 1503 01:42:46,661 --> 01:42:51,124 until the last time I heard your voice. 1504 01:42:51,249 --> 01:42:52,625 I'll never forget it. 1505 01:42:55,920 --> 01:42:57,589 I'll never forget you. 1506 01:43:01,009 --> 01:43:03,303 You will walk with me. 1507 01:43:05,805 --> 01:43:09,601 You will live in me. 1508 01:43:09,726 --> 01:43:11,436 For as long as I'm here. 1509 01:43:15,940 --> 01:43:17,108 Watch over me. 1510 01:43:21,112 --> 01:43:22,989 Cover me, okay? 1511 01:43:26,951 --> 01:43:31,080 I won't see you, but you'll see me. 1512 01:43:34,459 --> 01:43:38,504 There's more to life than what you can see. 1513 01:43:41,257 --> 01:43:43,885 You're going to experience it all. 1514 01:43:51,225 --> 01:43:53,770 I love you. I love you. I love you. 1515 01:44:08,660 --> 01:44:11,037 I could stay around for a bit. 1516 01:44:11,162 --> 01:44:14,290 Don't you dare. You go. 1517 01:44:14,415 --> 01:44:17,085 So you can come home and you can write your stories. 1518 01:44:17,210 --> 01:44:19,462 'Cause folks need to know about this. 1519 01:44:42,860 --> 01:44:44,112 The pillars are working. 1520 01:44:44,237 --> 01:44:46,030 You know, it gives it shape. 1521 01:44:46,155 --> 01:44:47,991 Good, good. 1522 01:44:48,116 --> 01:44:50,576 Then how many of them will there be? 1523 01:44:50,702 --> 01:44:53,037 Six or seven. 1524 01:44:53,162 --> 01:44:55,415 Maybe eight. 1525 01:44:55,540 --> 01:44:57,041 And you are going to make this deadline? 1526 01:44:57,166 --> 01:44:59,002 I am going to make this deadline. 1527 01:44:59,127 --> 01:45:00,420 This self-imposed deadline. 1528 01:45:00,545 --> 01:45:03,089 Well, I don't have anyone to push me anymore, 1529 01:45:03,214 --> 01:45:04,716 so I have to push myself. 1530 01:45:41,627 --> 01:45:45,298 A caste system needs scaffolding 1531 01:45:45,423 --> 01:45:48,676 in order to maintain its hierarchies. 1532 01:45:58,227 --> 01:46:00,563 Dr. Ambedkar wrote, 1533 01:46:00,688 --> 01:46:03,941 "Caste is an artificial chopping up of 1534 01:46:04,067 --> 01:46:06,486 the population into fixed units. 1535 01:46:06,611 --> 01:46:09,822 Each unit is prevented from fusing into another 1536 01:46:09,947 --> 01:46:12,366 through the custom called endogamy." 1537 01:46:13,409 --> 01:46:15,286 Our rehearsing has paid off. 1538 01:46:15,411 --> 01:46:18,748 It's only taken six months to get that twirl down. 1539 01:46:18,873 --> 01:46:20,416 But... 1540 01:46:20,541 --> 01:46:22,043 ...completely worthwhile. 1541 01:46:30,718 --> 01:46:31,969 Let's go again. 1542 01:46:34,305 --> 01:46:35,890 Let me powder my nose first. 1543 01:46:43,523 --> 01:46:46,150 In showing how endogamy is maintained, 1544 01:46:46,275 --> 01:46:51,030 we can prove the genesis and mechanism of caste. 1545 01:46:51,155 --> 01:46:54,242 Endogamy is defined as restricting marriage 1546 01:46:54,367 --> 01:46:56,911 to people within the same caste. 1547 01:47:06,671 --> 01:47:07,880 Have you heard... 1548 01:47:08,005 --> 01:47:11,134 ...they're asking for names and addresses. 1549 01:47:11,259 --> 01:47:12,677 They won't. 1550 01:47:12,802 --> 01:47:14,595 They're looking for artists and people who like jazz. 1551 01:47:14,720 --> 01:47:16,973 I don't believe it. It's all blown out of proportion. 1552 01:47:17,098 --> 01:47:20,226 No. This happened at the Wonder Room last month. 1553 01:47:20,351 --> 01:47:22,228 This is an ironclad foundation 1554 01:47:22,353 --> 01:47:25,690 of any caste system. 1555 01:47:25,815 --> 01:47:28,901 From ancient India, to the Nazi regime, 1556 01:47:29,026 --> 01:47:31,654 to the American colonizers. 1557 01:47:37,743 --> 01:47:41,080 Laugh, dear. 1558 01:47:41,205 --> 01:47:43,332 Laugh right now. 1559 01:47:47,461 --> 01:47:50,423 Endogamy enforces caste boundaries 1560 01:47:50,548 --> 01:47:53,301 by forbidding marriage, sexual relations 1561 01:47:53,426 --> 01:47:55,887 or even the appearance of romantic interest 1562 01:47:56,012 --> 01:47:58,055 across caste lines. 1563 01:47:58,181 --> 01:48:01,559 It builds a firewall between certain people. 1564 01:48:18,534 --> 01:48:22,121 By closing off legal family connection, 1565 01:48:22,246 --> 01:48:25,374 endogamy purposely blocks sense of empathy 1566 01:48:25,499 --> 01:48:27,835 and shared destiny between people. 1567 01:48:31,047 --> 01:48:32,089 Mama! 1568 01:48:37,011 --> 01:48:39,096 Mama! 1569 01:48:47,813 --> 01:48:49,857 It was the caste system, 1570 01:48:49,982 --> 01:48:51,901 through the practice of endogamy, 1571 01:48:52,026 --> 01:48:55,196 which essentially regulated people's romantic choices 1572 01:48:55,321 --> 01:48:57,073 over the course of centuries, 1573 01:48:57,198 --> 01:49:01,744 that created and reinforced the idea of races. 1574 01:49:05,456 --> 01:49:09,001 By permitting only those with similar physical traits 1575 01:49:09,126 --> 01:49:11,087 to legally mate. 1576 01:49:14,674 --> 01:49:18,427 Endogamy laws written and enforced by white men 1577 01:49:18,552 --> 01:49:22,348 designed the population of the United States. 1578 01:49:28,104 --> 01:49:32,191 If you were not a white man and you violated that... 1579 01:49:34,902 --> 01:49:38,948 An unknowable number of lives were lost due to endogamy... 1580 01:49:41,367 --> 01:49:43,536 the defining pillar of caste. 1581 01:49:46,831 --> 01:49:49,500 It triggered the most publicized cases 1582 01:49:49,625 --> 01:49:51,460 of lynchings in America. 1583 01:49:51,585 --> 01:49:55,589 A protocol strictly enforced against Black men 1584 01:49:55,715 --> 01:49:57,758 and white women. 1585 01:49:57,883 --> 01:49:59,510 Front row seat, darlin'. 1586 01:50:10,146 --> 01:50:12,773 One of the foremost scholars of caste 1587 01:50:12,898 --> 01:50:14,567 in America once wrote, 1588 01:50:14,692 --> 01:50:16,694 "Tied to what one looked like, 1589 01:50:16,819 --> 01:50:20,156 membership in either the upper or the lowest caste 1590 01:50:20,281 --> 01:50:22,950 is immutable. 1591 01:50:23,075 --> 01:50:25,369 Fixed from birth to death. 1592 01:50:25,494 --> 01:50:26,912 Inescapable. 1593 01:50:27,038 --> 01:50:32,084 One may neither earn nor wed their way out." 1594 01:50:32,209 --> 01:50:36,088 That scholar was Dr. Allison Davis. 1595 01:50:36,213 --> 01:50:38,466 The Davis and Gardner team emerged 1596 01:50:38,591 --> 01:50:41,260 with perhaps the most comprehensive study, 1597 01:50:41,385 --> 01:50:45,139 to this day, of the American caste system. 1598 01:50:45,264 --> 01:50:47,058 Their book, Deep South, 1599 01:50:47,183 --> 01:50:50,644 is a quietly revolutionary landmark experiment 1600 01:50:50,770 --> 01:50:53,147 in interracial scholarship. 1601 01:50:53,272 --> 01:50:57,526 The Davises and the Gardners remained lifelong friends. 1602 01:51:12,291 --> 01:51:15,586 Nazi Germany, the United States and India 1603 01:51:15,711 --> 01:51:19,632 all reduced Jews, African Americans and Dalits 1604 01:51:19,757 --> 01:51:22,718 to an undifferentiated mass of nameless, 1605 01:51:22,843 --> 01:51:24,637 faceless scapegoats. 1606 01:51:29,433 --> 01:51:32,603 Millennia ago, Dalits were called 1607 01:51:32,728 --> 01:51:35,106 the "untouchables" of India. 1608 01:51:38,067 --> 01:51:43,364 Enforced into the degrading work of manual scavenging, 1609 01:51:43,489 --> 01:51:45,616 the practice of cleaning excrement 1610 01:51:45,741 --> 01:51:48,828 from toilets and open drains by hand 1611 01:51:48,953 --> 01:51:51,872 in exchange for leftover food. 1612 01:51:57,670 --> 01:52:01,757 The only thing that they have to protect their bodies... 1613 01:52:01,882 --> 01:52:05,553 is oil, each other 1614 01:52:05,678 --> 01:52:07,763 and their prayers. 1615 01:52:11,475 --> 01:52:17,356 To refuse is to invite severe punishment or death. 1616 01:52:17,481 --> 01:52:20,276 This persists to this day. 1617 01:52:25,614 --> 01:52:27,908 The trade and sale of African people 1618 01:52:28,033 --> 01:52:32,163 demolished communities, obliterated families 1619 01:52:32,288 --> 01:52:34,832 and tore flesh from spirit. 1620 01:52:39,170 --> 01:52:41,755 Human beings were tortured to death, 1621 01:52:41,881 --> 01:52:43,924 and thrown overboard on slave ships 1622 01:52:44,049 --> 01:52:45,426 during the Middle Passage. 1623 01:52:55,561 --> 01:52:58,397 Upon their arrival at the concentration camps, 1624 01:52:58,522 --> 01:53:00,608 Jews were stripped of the clothing 1625 01:53:00,733 --> 01:53:02,735 of their former lives. 1626 01:53:08,866 --> 01:53:11,702 Their heads were shaved. 1627 01:53:11,827 --> 01:53:13,913 Distinguishing features like sideburns 1628 01:53:14,038 --> 01:53:18,042 or red hair were deleted from them. 1629 01:53:18,167 --> 01:53:21,587 They were no longer personalities to engage with. 1630 01:53:21,712 --> 01:53:23,797 They became a single mass, 1631 01:53:23,923 --> 01:53:26,509 purposely easier for SS officers 1632 01:53:26,634 --> 01:53:28,761 to distance themselves from. 1633 01:53:41,649 --> 01:53:45,819 Indian activists explained that the manual scavenger 1634 01:53:45,945 --> 01:53:49,198 is not a form of employment, but an injustice 1635 01:53:49,323 --> 01:53:51,700 akin to slavery. 1636 01:53:51,825 --> 01:53:54,912 It is one of the most prominent forms of discrimination 1637 01:53:55,037 --> 01:53:57,957 against Dalits, and it is central to the violation 1638 01:53:58,082 --> 01:54:01,418 of their human rights, 1639 01:54:01,544 --> 01:54:03,504 to their dehumanization. 1640 01:54:09,218 --> 01:54:12,680 Through violent storms at sea, starvation, 1641 01:54:12,805 --> 01:54:14,682 mutilation and rape, 1642 01:54:14,807 --> 01:54:17,184 Black people were stacked and squeezed 1643 01:54:17,309 --> 01:54:19,728 into the hulls of ships 1644 01:54:19,853 --> 01:54:22,565 to be sold into further unfathomable terror. 1645 01:54:28,404 --> 01:54:31,532 Their bodies did not belong to them... 1646 01:54:33,993 --> 01:54:38,706 but to the dominating caste to do with however it wished. 1647 01:54:41,292 --> 01:54:44,086 No longer daughter of a fisherman, 1648 01:54:44,211 --> 01:54:46,213 or a nephew of the midwife, 1649 01:54:48,757 --> 01:54:50,968 loving mothers, 1650 01:54:51,093 --> 01:54:53,387 headstrong nephews, dedicated bakers 1651 01:54:53,512 --> 01:54:55,264 and watchmakers, 1652 01:54:55,389 --> 01:54:59,893 all merged into a single mass of undifferentiated bodies. 1653 01:55:00,019 --> 01:55:04,732 No longer seen as humans deserving empathy... 1654 01:55:04,857 --> 01:55:09,737 but as objects over whom control could be exerted. 1655 01:55:09,862 --> 01:55:11,655 They were no longer people. 1656 01:55:14,617 --> 01:55:15,951 They were numbers. 1657 01:55:30,007 --> 01:55:33,427 s 1658 01:55:33,552 --> 01:55:37,264 Dehumanized. 1659 01:55:51,570 --> 01:55:54,990 Now a soulless animal. 1660 01:56:05,334 --> 01:56:08,504 Not human. 1661 01:56:19,932 --> 01:56:23,018 It is harder to dehumanize a single person standing 1662 01:56:23,143 --> 01:56:25,354 in front of you, 1663 01:56:25,479 --> 01:56:28,148 harder to dehumanize an individual 1664 01:56:28,273 --> 01:56:30,651 you've gotten the chance to know. 1665 01:56:36,365 --> 01:56:40,077 Which is why people and groups who seek power and division 1666 01:56:40,202 --> 01:56:43,622 don't bother with dehumanizing an individual. 1667 01:56:43,747 --> 01:56:47,376 Better to attach a stigma, a taint of pollution, 1668 01:56:47,501 --> 01:56:50,754 to an entire group. 1669 01:56:54,091 --> 01:56:55,676 Dehumanize the group 1670 01:56:55,801 --> 01:56:58,721 and you've successfully dehumanized 1671 01:56:58,846 --> 01:57:01,181 every individual person within it. 1672 01:57:12,943 --> 01:57:15,446 Racism is not the same as caste. 1673 01:57:15,571 --> 01:57:17,823 Because race does not matter 1674 01:57:17,948 --> 01:57:20,117 in order for the system to work. 1675 01:57:59,323 --> 01:58:03,786 "Little League team wins championship." 1676 01:58:15,672 --> 01:58:17,883 Mama. 1677 01:58:18,008 --> 01:58:20,511 "Little League team... splashes." 1678 01:58:20,636 --> 01:58:22,346 Oh... 1679 01:58:22,471 --> 01:58:23,847 It's true. 1680 01:58:27,142 --> 01:58:28,811 Go, go, go! 1681 01:58:49,581 --> 01:58:51,333 It was a hot day like today. 1682 01:58:52,626 --> 01:58:54,920 We were pretty excited 1683 01:58:55,045 --> 01:58:57,005 because we had just won the city championship 1684 01:58:57,130 --> 01:59:00,092 when the coach told us he was bringing us to this park. 1685 01:59:00,217 --> 01:59:03,887 And we're gonna get to eat and go swimming. 1686 01:59:04,012 --> 01:59:05,764 And we were quite excited, as you can imagine. 1687 01:59:05,889 --> 01:59:10,435 And then the park ranger came over and pointed out Al. 1688 01:59:10,561 --> 01:59:11,937 Hey, boy! 1689 01:59:19,194 --> 01:59:20,988 - Yes, sir? - You can't be in here right now. 1690 01:59:21,113 --> 01:59:22,781 And you know better. Who you with? 1691 01:59:22,906 --> 01:59:24,825 Everything okay here? 1692 01:59:24,950 --> 01:59:26,869 - This boy with your team? - He's one of my players. 1693 01:59:26,994 --> 01:59:28,787 You know how long it'd take for our maintenance crew 1694 01:59:28,912 --> 01:59:30,330 - to clean this up? - Disinfect it? 1695 01:59:30,455 --> 01:59:32,165 - Disinfect what? - This is a whites-only pool. 1696 01:59:32,291 --> 01:59:33,750 We didn't know. Being young kids, 1697 01:59:33,876 --> 01:59:35,544 we didn't understand what was going on. 1698 01:59:35,669 --> 01:59:37,713 - Yeah. - And um... 1699 01:59:37,838 --> 01:59:39,381 yet we wanted to go in the pool 1700 01:59:39,506 --> 01:59:41,300 because it was so hot that day, too. 1701 01:59:41,425 --> 01:59:43,844 And then the park ranger, he said, 1702 01:59:43,969 --> 01:59:46,930 "If he goes in, nobody goes in." 1703 01:59:59,860 --> 02:00:05,157 So, they took Al outside to a blanket out there. 1704 02:00:05,282 --> 02:00:08,076 But, you know, we kept looking back at Al, 1705 02:00:08,201 --> 02:00:09,745 and see him. Why was he over there? 1706 02:00:09,870 --> 02:00:11,246 Mm-hmm. 1707 02:00:11,371 --> 02:00:15,042 So, a few of my friends and I went over to talk to him 1708 02:00:15,167 --> 02:00:17,127 and to make sure he was okay. 1709 02:00:17,252 --> 02:00:19,713 So it felt strange when that happened, 1710 02:00:19,838 --> 02:00:21,048 that he was over there 1711 02:00:21,173 --> 02:00:22,841 - and you guys were here. - Yeah, it felt separate. 1712 02:00:22,966 --> 02:00:24,468 - He was on our team. - Yeah. Right, right. 1713 02:00:24,593 --> 02:00:26,720 And he was a big part of our team, and then, 1714 02:00:26,845 --> 02:00:29,181 they wouldn't let him in. 1715 02:00:29,306 --> 02:00:31,475 Some of the parents brought him over some food to eat. 1716 02:00:31,600 --> 02:00:32,976 Mm-hmm. 1717 02:00:33,101 --> 02:00:37,230 - He sat there by himself? Ugh. - By himself. 1718 02:00:37,356 --> 02:00:40,400 And then, the coach talked to the park ranger again 1719 02:00:40,525 --> 02:00:42,235 and said, "Hey, you've gotta let this kid in, 1720 02:00:42,361 --> 02:00:43,528 at least for a little swim." 1721 02:00:43,654 --> 02:00:47,616 - Yes, yes. - So he talked to the coach 1722 02:00:47,741 --> 02:00:49,159 and he said, "There's only one way 1723 02:00:49,284 --> 02:00:51,662 - I'm going to let this happen." - Mm-hmm. 1724 02:00:53,789 --> 02:00:56,541 Everybody out. Come on, now. 1725 02:00:56,667 --> 02:00:57,876 Come on. 1726 02:00:58,001 --> 02:00:59,962 Come on out now. Come on. 1727 02:01:20,816 --> 02:01:22,526 You cannot touch that water, boy. 1728 02:01:22,651 --> 02:01:23,860 You hear me? 1729 02:01:27,406 --> 02:01:28,740 Keep your balance. 1730 02:01:32,786 --> 02:01:34,663 Do not touch that water. 1731 02:01:40,377 --> 02:01:41,795 Real still. 1732 02:02:18,874 --> 02:02:20,375 Real still. 1733 02:02:36,391 --> 02:02:37,809 Don't touch that water. 1734 02:02:59,539 --> 02:03:03,835 It really affected us and we didn't know what to do. 1735 02:03:03,960 --> 02:03:05,837 Right. 1736 02:03:05,962 --> 02:03:10,342 And it still bothers me today. 1737 02:03:10,467 --> 02:03:15,722 As a kid, we just want to play baseball and swim. 1738 02:03:15,847 --> 02:03:17,766 We didn't know what to do. 1739 02:03:17,891 --> 02:03:22,229 And I wish I could do it over again. 1740 02:03:22,354 --> 02:03:24,064 'Cause I don't think I did enough. 1741 02:03:27,275 --> 02:03:29,236 How old were you? 1742 02:03:29,361 --> 02:03:31,613 I was nine. 1743 02:03:31,738 --> 02:03:34,074 Nine years old. 1744 02:03:45,460 --> 02:03:47,671 Al Bright went on to become 1745 02:03:47,796 --> 02:03:51,007 an artist and educator. 1746 02:03:51,133 --> 02:03:54,136 He was the first full-time Black faculty member 1747 02:03:54,261 --> 02:03:58,974 at his alma mater, Youngstown State University. 1748 02:03:59,099 --> 02:04:01,393 I missed talking to him for the book 1749 02:04:01,518 --> 02:04:04,104 by a matter of months. 1750 02:04:04,229 --> 02:04:07,691 He passed away at age 82. 1751 02:04:07,816 --> 02:04:11,444 But a part of him died that afternoon in 1951. 1752 02:04:18,410 --> 02:04:20,328 You're going to be fine. 1753 02:04:26,042 --> 02:04:28,837 You're going to be just fine. 1754 02:05:39,532 --> 02:05:44,079 The tragedy of caste 1755 02:05:44,204 --> 02:05:47,040 is that we are judged on the very things 1756 02:05:47,165 --> 02:05:48,917 that we cannot change. 1757 02:05:49,042 --> 02:05:53,672 Signposts on our bodies of gender and ancestry, 1758 02:05:53,797 --> 02:05:57,842 superficial differences that have nothing to do 1759 02:05:57,968 --> 02:06:00,178 with who we are on the inside. 1760 02:06:02,889 --> 02:06:07,310 The goal of this work has not been to resolve issues 1761 02:06:07,435 --> 02:06:10,855 of a millennia-old phenomenon, 1762 02:06:10,981 --> 02:06:13,984 {\an8}but to bear witness to its presence 1763 02:06:14,109 --> 02:06:16,236 {\an8}in our everyday lives, 1764 02:06:16,361 --> 02:06:20,198 {\an8}to shine a light on its history despite those 1765 02:06:20,323 --> 02:06:22,534 {\an8}who would deny it, despite those 1766 02:06:22,659 --> 02:06:26,621 {\an8}who would withhold it from us even, 1767 02:06:26,746 --> 02:06:31,167 {\an8}who try to convince us that we don't need to know. 1768 02:06:35,213 --> 02:06:37,841 We need to know. 1769 02:06:40,218 --> 02:06:46,808 You don't escape trauma by ignoring it. 1770 02:06:50,437 --> 02:06:54,441 You escape trauma by confronting it. 1771 02:07:01,531 --> 02:07:04,743 When you live in an old house, 1772 02:07:04,868 --> 02:07:07,787 you may not want to go in the basement after a storm 1773 02:07:07,912 --> 02:07:09,706 to see what the rains have brought. 1774 02:07:09,831 --> 02:07:13,835 But choose not to look at your own peril. 1775 02:07:20,633 --> 02:07:23,595 We're all like homeowners who've inherited a house 1776 02:07:23,720 --> 02:07:25,889 on a piece of land that's beautiful 1777 02:07:26,014 --> 02:07:27,807 on the outside. 1778 02:07:27,932 --> 02:07:29,934 But the soil is unstable. 1779 02:07:38,318 --> 02:07:43,406 People say I had nothing to do with how this all started. 1780 02:07:43,531 --> 02:07:44,949 I never owned slaves. 1781 02:07:45,075 --> 02:07:46,868 I didn't mistreat untouchables. 1782 02:07:46,993 --> 02:07:49,245 I didn't gas Jews. 1783 02:07:49,371 --> 02:07:53,041 And, yes, not one of us was around 1784 02:07:53,166 --> 02:07:55,001 when this house was built. 1785 02:08:00,757 --> 02:08:03,093 But here we are. 1786 02:08:03,218 --> 02:08:05,512 The current occupants of a property 1787 02:08:05,637 --> 02:08:08,807 with stress cracks built into the foundation, 1788 02:08:08,932 --> 02:08:11,726 and a roof that must be replaced. 1789 02:08:22,070 --> 02:08:25,865 We are the heirs to whatever is right or wrong with it. 1790 02:08:25,990 --> 02:08:28,410 We didn't erect the uneven pillars, 1791 02:08:28,535 --> 02:08:30,954 but they are ours to deal with now. 1792 02:08:39,712 --> 02:08:42,424 The cracks won't fix themselves. 1793 02:08:49,514 --> 02:08:52,642 Any more deterioration is on our watch. 1794 02:09:00,525 --> 02:09:03,528 Caste is not simply hatred. 1795 02:09:11,035 --> 02:09:15,790 It is the worn grooves of routine and expectation. 1796 02:09:15,915 --> 02:09:17,625 Patterns of a social order 1797 02:09:17,750 --> 02:09:21,379 that have been in place so long, it looks natural... 1798 02:09:21,504 --> 02:09:23,047 when it isn't. 1799 02:09:27,844 --> 02:09:31,598 Caste is everywhere, yet invisible. 1800 02:09:35,393 --> 02:09:38,271 No one avoids exposure to its message, 1801 02:09:38,396 --> 02:09:40,064 and the message is simple. 1802 02:09:42,817 --> 02:09:46,070 One kind of person is more deserving of freedom 1803 02:09:46,196 --> 02:09:48,364 than another kind. 1804 02:09:50,909 --> 02:09:53,786 Freedom to love whoever you want to love. 1805 02:10:02,921 --> 02:10:05,924 Freedom to go wherever you want to go. 1806 02:10:11,095 --> 02:10:14,057 Freedom to express yourself however you want 1807 02:10:14,182 --> 02:10:15,808 to express yourself. 1808 02:10:19,979 --> 02:10:25,568 Freedom to resist and fight for your human right to do so. 1809 02:11:41,978 --> 02:11:45,690 ♪ We are the colour ♪ 1810 02:11:45,815 --> 02:11:49,569 ♪ Found in spring ♪ 1811 02:11:49,694 --> 02:11:53,531 ♪ You are the wind ♪ 1812 02:11:53,656 --> 02:11:57,076 {\an8}♪ Breathe into me ♪ 1813 02:11:57,201 --> 02:12:01,039 {\an8}♪ You inherit me ♪ 1814 02:12:01,164 --> 02:12:04,417 ♪ I inherit you ♪ 1815 02:12:04,542 --> 02:12:08,296 {\an8}♪ I am the language ♪ 1816 02:12:08,421 --> 02:12:13,926 {\an8}♪ You speak to me ♪ 1817 02:12:14,052 --> 02:12:16,804 {\an8}♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1818 02:12:16,929 --> 02:12:21,017 {\an8}♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1819 02:12:21,142 --> 02:12:26,230 ♪ Tell me how can we stand by ♪ 1820 02:12:26,356 --> 02:12:28,691 ♪ I don't wanna be the same ♪ 1821 02:12:28,816 --> 02:12:32,862 {\an8}♪ He toiora ahau nu ♪ 1822 02:12:32,987 --> 02:12:37,116 {\an8}♪ Te toi n Kurawaka ♪ 1823 02:12:37,241 --> 02:12:43,915 {\an8}♪ Taku rongomaiwhiti e ♪ 1824 02:12:44,040 --> 02:12:48,878 {\an8}♪ Tkiri ko te haeata ♪ 1825 02:12:49,003 --> 02:12:52,131 {\an8}♪ Anga atu ki te r ♪ 1826 02:12:52,256 --> 02:12:59,597 ♪ Whiti, whiti ki te ora e ♪ 1827 02:12:59,722 --> 02:13:03,142 ♪ We are the waters ♪ 1828 02:13:03,267 --> 02:13:06,688 ♪ The rivers and streams ♪ 1829 02:13:06,813 --> 02:13:10,274 ♪ Flow through the armour ♪ 1830 02:13:10,400 --> 02:13:14,904 ♪ Of a dying breed ♪ 1831 02:13:15,029 --> 02:13:18,366 ♪ I am with you ♪ 1832 02:13:18,491 --> 02:13:22,120 ♪ And you are with me ♪ 1833 02:13:22,245 --> 02:13:26,207 {\an8}♪ Baptised in fire ♪ 1834 02:13:26,332 --> 02:13:31,045 {\an8}♪ We're lions in the ring ♪ 1835 02:13:31,170 --> 02:13:34,465 {\an8}♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1836 02:13:34,590 --> 02:13:38,219 {\an8}♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1837 02:13:38,344 --> 02:13:43,641 {\an8}♪ Tell me how can we stand by ♪ 1838 02:13:43,766 --> 02:13:46,060 {\an8}♪ I don't wanna be the same ♪ 1839 02:13:46,185 --> 02:13:50,815 {\an8}♪ He toiora ahau nu ♪ 1840 02:13:50,940 --> 02:13:54,527 {\an8}♪ Te toi n Kurawaka ♪ 1841 02:13:54,652 --> 02:14:01,409 {\an8}♪ Taku rongomaiwhiti e ♪ 1842 02:14:01,534 --> 02:14:06,289 {\an8}♪ Tkiri ko te haeata ♪ 1843 02:14:06,414 --> 02:14:10,251 {\an8}♪ Anga atu ki te r ♪ 1844 02:14:10,376 --> 02:14:16,674 {\an8}♪ Whiti, whiti ki te ora e... ♪